Erkek Dövüş Sporcularında Kilo Kaybı Yöntemleri: Disiplinlere Göre Etkiler ve Farklılıklar

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırma, farklı dövüş sporları disiplinlerinde yer alan erkek sporcuların kilo kaybı yöntemlerini ve bu yöntemlerin müsabaka öncesi dönemlerdeki etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Çalışmaya toplam 321 erkek sporcu katılmış, veriler “Sporcularda Kilo Kaybı Yöntemleri ve Etkileri Ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi sonucunda verilerin normal dağılım göstermediği belirlenmiş, bu nedenle Mann-Whitney U testi ve Kruskal-Wallis testi gibi parametrik olmayan analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Sporcular, müsabaka öncesinde normal vücut ağırlıklarının ortalama %5,86’sını (4,43 kg) kaybetmiştir. Ergogenik destek, fizyolojik etkiler ve psikolojik etkiler alt boyutlarında branşlar arasında anlamlı farklılıklar saptanmıştır (p<0,05 ve p<0,001). Özellikle güreş, boks ve judo sporcularının diğer branşlara göre ergogenik destek kullanımına daha sık başvurdukları tespit edilmiştir. Her müsabaka öncesinde kilo kaybı yaşadığını bildiren sporcuların diyet yapma, sıvı kaybını artırma ve ergogenik destek kullanma olasılıkları daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ayrıca bu sporcuların, yalnızca önemli müsabakalar öncesinde veya nadiren kilo kaybedenlere kıyasla daha fazla fizyolojik ve psikolojik etki yaşadıkları görülmüştür (p<0,05 ve p<0,001). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, dövüş sporcularında kilo kaybı uygulamalarının branşa özgü farklılıklar gösterdiği dikkate alınmalıdır. Bu çalışma, farklı dövüş sporları disiplinlerinde kilo kaybı yöntemleri ile bunların fizyolojik ve psikolojik etkilerinin değişkenliğine ilişkin literatürdeki boşluğu doldurmaya katkı sağlamaktadır. Bulgular, her spor dalının özgün gereklilikleri ve riskleri doğrultusunda bireyselleştirilmiş kilo yönetimi yaklaşımlarının önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ergogenik Destek
• Erkek Dövüş Sporcuları
• Beslenme
• Performans
• Kilo Kaybı

Weight Loss Methods in Male Combat Athletes: Effects and Differences by Discipline

Öz

Aim: This study examined the impact of weight loss methods on male combat athletes across different disciplines and in the context of pre-competition periods. Method: A total of 321 male athletes participated in the study, and data were collected using the ' Athlete Weight Loss Methods and Effects Scale.' Since the data were not normally distributed according to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, non-parametric analyses, including the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis test, were used. Results: The athletes lost an average of 5.86% (4.43 kg) of their normal body weight prior to competition. Significant differences were found between the competition branches in the sub-dimensions of ergogenic aid, physiological effects, and psychological effects (p<0.05 and p<0.001). Specifically, athletes participating in wrestling, boxing, and judo reported more frequent use of ergogenic aids compared to other disciplines. Athletes who reported losing weight before every competition were more likely to engage in dieting, induce fluid loss, and use ergogenic support. These athletes also experienced greater physiological and psychological effects compared to those who lost weight only before important competitions or rarely (p<0.05 and p<0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, discipline-specific differences in weight loss practices among combat sports athletes should be taken into account. This study contributes to the existing literature by addressing a gap regarding weight loss methods and their physiological and psychological effects vary across different combat sports disciplines. The findings highlight the need for individualized approaches to weight management tailored to the specific demands and risks associated with each sport.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ergogenic Aid
• Male Combat Athletes
• Nutrition
• Performance
• Weight Drop

Kaynakça

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