Elit Erkek Sporcularda Bilateral Deficit ve Bilateral Fasilitasyonun Eklem ve Hareket Tipine göre İzometrik Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, elit erkek sporcularda maksimum ve ortalama izometrik kuvvete ilişkin bilateral deficit (BLD) ve bilateral fasilitasyonun (BLF) görülme sıklığını ve bilateral indeks büyüklüğünü dirsek ve diz eklemleri ile fleksiyon ve ekstansiyon hareketleri açısından incelemektir. Yöntem: Araştırmaya 20 elit erkek sporcu (5 futbolcu, 5 voleybolcu, 5 hentbolcu, 5 güreşçi) katılmıştır. Sporcuların dirsek ve diz fleksiyon ve ekstansiyon hareketlerindeki unilateral ve bilateral maksimum istemli izometrik kasılma kuvvetleri, özel tasarlanmış bir izometrik kuvvet dinamometresi ile belirlenmiştir. Maksimum ve ortalama kuvvet (N) değerlerinden bilateral indeks hesaplanmış; negatif değerler BLD, pozitif değerler BLF olarak sınıflandırılmış, sınıfların indeks büyüklükleri bağımsız örneklem t testiyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Dirsek fleksiyonunda maksimum ve ortalama kuvvette sporcuların tamamı BLD göstermiştir. Dirsek ekstansiyonunda maksimum kuvvette %70, ortalama kuvvette %80 oranında BLD görülmüştür. Diz fleksiyonunda maksimum kuvvette %60 BLD ve %40 BLF, ortalama kuvvette ise %50 BLD ve %50 BLF belirlenmiştir. Diz ekstansiyonunda her iki kuvvet ölçütünde %35 BLD ve %65 BLF görülmüştür. Dirsek ekstansiyonunda maksimum kuvvette BLD indeks büyüklüğü BLF’den anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur (t(18)=2,32; p=0,032; d=1,13). Sonuç: Bilateral kuvvet yanıtının eklem ve hareket tipine göre farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle bilateral indeks değerlendirmelerinde eklem, hareket yönü ve kullanılan kuvvet ölçütünün birlikte dikkate alınması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bilateral Deficit
• Bilateral Facilitation
• Elit Sporcular
• İzometrik Kuvvet
• Kas Kuvveti

Isometric Assessment of Bilateral Deficit and Bilateral Facilitation in Elite Male Athletes According to Joint and Movement Type

Öz

Aim: This study aimed to examine the frequency of bilateral deficit (BLD) and bilateral facilitation (BLF) and the bilateral index magnitude for maximum and average isometric force in elite male athletes with respect to the elbow and knee joints and flexion and extension movements. Method: Twenty elite male athletes (5 football players, 5 volleyball players, 5 handball players and 5 wrestlers) participated. Unilateral and bilateral maximum voluntary isometric contraction forces in elbow and knee flexion and extension were determined using a specially designed isometric force dynamometer. Bilateral indices were calculated from maximum and average force (N) values; negative values were classified as BLD and positive values as BLF, and the index magnitudes of the classes were compared using independent samples t-tests. Results: All athletes showed BLD in elbow flexion for both maximum and average force. In elbow extension, BLD was observed in 70% of athletes for maximum force and 80% for average force. In knee flexion, 60% BLD and 40% BLF were found for maximum force, and 50% BLD and 50% BLF for average force. In knee extension, 35% BLD and 65% BLF were observed for both force measures. In elbow extension, the BLD index magnitude for maximum force was significantly higher than that of BLF (t(18)=2.32; p=0.032; d=1.13). Conclusion: Bilateral force responses were found to differ according to joint and movement type. Therefore, it was concluded that joint, movement direction and the force measure should be considered together in bilateral index evaluations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bilateral Deficit
• Bilateral Facilitation
• Elite Athletes
• Isometric Force
• Muscle Strength

Kaynakça

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