The effect of genetic factors on sportive performance

Yıl 2015, , 63 - 76, 04.01.2016

Onur Eroğlu , Raif Zileli

https://doi.org/10.18826/ijsets.65225

Cited By: 4

Öz

Sportive performance may be describe as all of the efforts put forth to succeed during fulfilling an obligatory athletic duty. One of the most important factors that affect sportive performance is genetic differences. Among these, mutations, polymorphism, epigenetic factors and chimerism lead. Mutations are permanent changes in genetic build and seen less than 1% of population. On the other hand, polymorphisms are seen more than 1% of population and are the existence of two or more different phenotype in the same kind of population. Epigenetic factors in which there is no change in DNA chain, while at the same time, it can change gene activation. However, chimerism is a single organism that is composed of two or more different populations of genetically distinct cells that originated from different zygotes involved in pregnancy. As a conclusion, it is found out that sportive performance may change due to the individuals’ phenotype feature changes caused by differences in genetic substructure.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sportive Performance, Genetic, Mutation

Genetik faktörlerin sportif performansa etkisi

Öz

Sportif performans, atletik görev sırasında başarı için ortaya konulan çabalardır. Performansı etkileyen en önemli faktörlerden birisi genetik farklılıklardır. Bunlar arasında mutasyonlar, polimorfizmler, epigenetik faktörler ve kimerizm başta gelir. Mutasyonlar, kalıtsal yapıda meydana gelen ve toplumun % 1’inden daha az oranda görülen kalıcı değişimlerdir. Polimorfizmler ise toplumun % 1’inden daha yüksek oranda görülen ve iki veya daha fazla farklı fenotipin aynı tür popülasyonunda bulunmasıdır. Epigenetik faktörler, DNA dizisinde değişiklik meydana gelmeden, aynı zamanda kalıtımsal olan ve gen aktivasyonunu değiştiren etmenlerdir. Kimerizm ise birden fazla DNA’ya sahip olan yani ana rahminde iki döllenmiş yumurtanın, gebeliğin ilerleyen zamanlarında birleşmesiyle ikiz yerine tek canlı üremesidir. Sonuç olarak genetik farklılıkların kişilerin fenotipik özelliklerini değiştirmesiyle sportif performansın değişebileceği ortaya çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sportif Performans, Genetik, Mutasyon

Kaynakça

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