Effects of functional balance training on static and dynamic balance performance of adolescent soccer players

Öz

Aim: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of functional balance training on static and dynamic balance performance, kicking velocity and to define the relationship between balance ability and kicking velocity of adolescent soccer players.

Material and Methods: Sixteen male players randomly divided into 2 groups (Control Group: age 14,23±0,44; Training Group: age 14,31±0,48). While the control group (n=8) followed regular soccer training, the training group (n=8) performed a functional balance training program additively. The balance training was performed on both stable ground and unstable surface (BOSU ball). SportKat2000 system were used to elicit static and dynamic balance scores of right, left and both leg stance of the soccer players.

Results: All static balance variables (dominant, non-dominant and both leg) of training group and one variable (non-dominant leg) of control group showed statistically significant differences (p<0,05) after training. Dynamic dominant leg scores of training group and dynamic non-dominant leg scores of control group were statistically significant as well. Ball velocity of training group improved %5.6 in training group and %3.7 in control group. Besides, dominant leg ball velocity correlated with dynamic dominant (p<0.05; r: -0,767) and both leg (p<0.05; r: -0,787) balance ability for training group. Non-dominant ball velocity also correlated with dynamic dominant (p<0.01; r: -0,844) and dynamic non-dominant leg (p<0.05; r: -0,778) balance ability in training group after training period.

Conclusion: As a conclusion, functional balance training performed three times in a week positively affect the balance ability and kicking performance of adolescent soccer players.

 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Balance ability,Kicking performance; Dominant leg; Nondominant leg; Ball velocity;

Fonksiyonel denge antrenmaninin adölesan futbolcularin statik ve dinamik denge performanslari üzerine etkileri.

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı fonksiyonel denge antrenmanının adölesan futbolcuların statik-dinamik denge performansları ve vuruş hızları üzerine etkilerini incelemek ve denge yeteneği ile vuruş hızı arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymaktır.

Materyal ve Yöntem: Onaltı erkek futbolcu rastgele iki gruba ayrıldı (Kontrol Grubu: yaş 14,23±0,44; Antrenman Grubu: yaş 14,31±0,48). Kontrol Grubu (n=8) rutin futbol antrenmanlarına devam ederken Antrenman Grubu (n=8) buna ek olarak fonksiyonel denge antrenmanı uyguladı. Denge antrenmanları hem sert zemin hem de BOSU topları üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Futbolcuların sağ, sol ve çift bacak statik ve dinamik denge skorlarını belirlemek için SportKat 2000 denge ölçüm sistemi kullanıldı.

Bulgular: Antrenman sonrası deney grubunun tüm değişkenlere (dominant, dominant olmayan, çift bacak) ilişkin statik denge skorları ve dominant bacağa ilişkin dinamik denge skorları, kontrol grubunun ise dominant olmayan bacağa ait hem statik hem de dinamik denge skorları istatiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p<0,05). Antrenman grubunun top hızı değerleri %5.6 oranında kontrol grubunun ise %3.7 oranında gelişim gösterdi. Antrenman grubunun dominant bacak top hızları dinamik dominant (p<0.05; r: -0,767) ve çift bacak (p<0.05; r: -0,787) denge skorları ile; dominant olmayan bacak top hızları ise dinamik dominant (p<0.01; r: -0,844) ve dinamik dominant olmayan (p<0.05; r: -0,778) denge skorları ile ilişki gösterdi.

Sonuçlar: Sonuç olarak, haftada üç kez yapılan fonksiyonel denge antrenmanlarının adölesan futbolcuların denge yetenekleri ve vuruş performanslarını olumlu yönde geliştirdiği görüldü.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Denge yeteneği,Vuruş performansı; Dominant bacak; Dominant olmayan bacak; Top hızı;

Kaynakça

1. Anderson, K.G., Behm D.G. (2004). Maintenance of EMG activity and loss of force output with instability. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 18(3):637-640.
2. Barfield, W.R. (1995). Effects of selected kinamatic and kinetic variables on instep kicking with dominant and nondominant limbs. Journal of Human Movement Studies, 29:251-272.
3. Barfield, W.R., Kirkendall, D.T., Yu, B. (2002). Kinematic instep kicking differences between elite female and male soccer players. Journal of sports science & medicine, 1(3):72-79.
4. Bieć, E., Kuczyński, M. (2010). Postural control in 13-year-old soccer players. European journal of applied physiology, 110(4):703-708.
5. Bressel, E., Yonker, J.C., Kras, J., Heath, E.M. (2007). Comparison of static and dynamic balance in female collegiate soccer, basketball, and gymnastics athletes. Journal of athletic training, 42(1), 42-50.
6. Cerrah, A.O., Gungor, E.O., Soylu, A.R., Ertan, H., Lees, A., Bayrak, C. (2011). Muscular activation patterns during the soccer in-step kick. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 19(3):181-190.
7. Davlin, C.D. (2004). Dynamic balance in high level athletes. Perceptual and motor skills, 1171-1176.
8. Domholdt, E. (2000). Physical Therapy Research: Principles and Applications. WB Saunders Company, 277-279.

9. Evangelos, B., Georgios, K., Konstantinos, A., Gissis, I., Papadopoulos, C., Aristomenis, S. (2012).Proprioception and balance training can improve amateur soccer players' technical skills. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 12(1):81-89.
10. Gerbino, P.G., Griffin, E.D., Zurakowski, D. (2007). Comparison of standing balance between female collegiate dancers and soccer players. Gait & posture, 26(4):501-507.
11. Gioftsidou, A., Malliou, P., Pafis, G., Beneka, A., Godolias, G., Maganaris, C.N. (2006). The effects of soccer training and timing of balance training on balance ability. European journal of applied physiology, 96(6):659-664.
12. Inoue, K., Nunome, H., Sterzing, T., Shinkai, H., Ikegami, Y. (2014). Dynamics of the support leg in soccer instep kicking. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(11):1023-1032.
13. Katis, A., Giannadakis, E., Kannas, T., Amiridis, I., Kellis, E., Lees, A. (2013). Mechanisms that influence accuracy of the soccer kick. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 23(1):125-131.
14. Kibler, W.B., Press, J., Sciascia, A. (2006). The role of core stability in athletic function. Sports medicine, 36(3):189-198.
15. Kornecki, S., Kebel, A., Siemieński, A. (2001). Muscular co-operation during joint stabilization, asreflected by EMG. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 84(5):453-461.
16. Lees, A., Nolan, L. (1998). The biomechanics of soccer: a review. Journal of sports sciences, 16(3):211-234.
17. Matsuda, S., Demura, S., Uchiyama, M. (2008). Centre of pressure sway characteristics during static one-legged stance of athletes from different sports. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(7):775-779.
18. Nolan, L., Grigorenko, A., Thorstensson, A. (2005). Balance control: sex and age differences in 9-to 16-year-olds. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 47(07):449-454.
19. Olivier, I., Palluel, E., Nougier, V. (2008). Effects of attentional focus on postural sway in children and adults. Experimental Brain Research, 185(2):341-345.
20. Orchard, J., Seward, H. (2002). Epidemiology of injuries in the Australian Football League, seasons 1997–2000. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 36(1):39-44.
21. Paillard, T., Noe, F., Riviere, T., Marion, V., Montoya, R., Dupui, P. (2006). Postural performance a strategy in the unipedal stance of soccer players at different levels of competition. Journal of Athletic Training, 41(2):172-181.
22. Perrin, P., Deviterne, D., Hugel, F., Perrot, C. (2002). Judo, better than dance, develops sensorimotor adaptabilities involved in balance control. Gait & posture, 15(2):187-194.
23. Prieske, O., Muehlbauer, T., Borde, R., Gube, M., Bruhn, S., Behm, D.G., Granacher, U. (2016). Neuromuscular and athletic performance following core strength training in elite youth soccer: Role of instability. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 26(1):48-56.
24. Putnam, C.A. (1993). Sequential motions of body segments in striking and throwing skills. Journal of Biomechanics, 26:125-135.
25. Riach, C.L., Hayes, K.C. (1987). Maturation of postural sway in young children. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 29(5):650-658.
26. Ricotti, L. (2011). Static and dynamic balance in young athletes. J. Hum. Sport Exerc. 6(4):616-628.
27. Romero-Franco, N., Martínez-López, E. J., Lomas-Vega, R., Hita-Contreras, F., Osuna-Pérez, M. C., & Martínez-Amat, A. (2013).
28. Short-term Effects of Proprioceptive Training With Unstable Platform on Athletes' Stabilometry. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(8), 2189-2197.
29. Tracey, S.Y., Anderson, D.I., Hamel, K.A., Gorelick, M.L., Wallace, S.A., Sidaway, B. (2012). Kicking performance in relation to balance ability over the support leg. Human movement science, 31(6):1615-1623.
30. Vleeming, A., Pool-Goudzwaard, A.L., Stoeckart, R., Wingerden, J.P., Snijders, C.J. (1995). The Posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascial its function in load transfer from spine to legs. Spine, 20(7):753-758.
31. Vuillerme, N., Teasdale, N., & Nougier, V. (2001). The effect of expertise in gymnastics on proprioceptive sensory integration in human subjects. Neuroscience letters, 311(2), 73-76.
32. Vuillerme, N., Nougier, V. (2004). Attentional demand for regulating postural sway: the effect of expertise in gymnastics. Brain Research Bulletin, 63(2):161-165.
33. Weineck, J. (2004). Optimales Training: Leistungsphysiologische Trainingslehre unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Kinder-und Jugendtrainings. Spitta Verlag GmbH & Co. KG.
34. Winter, D. A., Patla, A. E., & Frank, J. S. (1990). Assessment of balance control in humans. Med Prog Technol, 16(1-2), 31-51.
35. Yaggie, J. A., & Campbell, B. M. (2006). Effects of balance training on selected skills. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 20(2), 422-428.