Badmintoncularda Koordinasyon ve Pliometrik Çalışmaların Çeviklik, Sıçrama ve Dayanıklılık Yeteneği Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı badminton sporunda branşa özgü koordinasyon ve pliometrik çalışmaların çeviklik ve koordinasyon ile sıçrama yeteneği üzerine ve diğer biyomotor yetenekler üzerine etkisini ortaya çıkarmaktır.

Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışma gruplarını yaş ortalaması 21,00±1,00 yıl olan badminton sporcuları oluşturmuştur. Ön- ve son-testler olarak çeviklik testleri (T-test ve Tekrarlı çeviklik testi) bacak kuvveti testleri (çoklu sıçrama testi, sabit sıçrama testi, durarak uzun atlama, tek ayak ileri sıçrama testi), Yo-Yo Aralıklı Toparlanma Testi Seviye 1 (YYATTS1) ve kan laktat testi yapılmıştır. Gruplar arası farklılığın istatistiksel analizi için bağımsız örneklem t-testi, grup içi farklılığın istatistiksel analizi eşleştirilmiş t-test kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir (p<0,05).

Bulgular: Bağımsız örneklem t-testine göre pliometrik ve kontrol grupları arasında sağ ve sol tek ayak sıçrama, durarak uzun atlama (p<0,05), YYATTS1 mesafesi (p<0,01) ve laktat değerlerinde anlamlı farklılıklar vardır fakat diğer bütün biomotor özelliklerde pliometrik ve kontrol grupları arasında ön- ve son-test değerlerinde istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı fark görülmemiştir (p>0,05). Eşleştirilmiş t-test sonuçlarına göre çoklu sıçrama, sabit sıçrama, durarak uzun atlama (p<0,05) ve YYATTS1 mesafe (p<0,01) değerlerinde anlamlı farklılık bulunur iken diğer biomotor özelliklerinde ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunmamıştır. Kontrol grubunda ise ön- ve son-test farkına bakıldığında sabit sıçrama ve YYATS1 mesafe değerlerinde anlamlı farklılık bulunur iken diğer biyomotor özelliklerinde ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık bulunamamıştır (p>0,05).

Sonuç: Pliometrik grupta gerçekleşen değişimlerin daha fazla olmasının nedeni bu dönemde düzenli planlanmış olan koordinasyon ve pliometrik çalışmalardan açıklanabilir. 8 haftalık bir sürede bu grup için düzenlenmiş olan koordinatif egzersizler ve pilometrik çalışmalar anlamlı bir değişikliğe yol açmıştır. Özellikle badminton da önemli parametrelerden olan sıçrama ve çeviklik özelliğini geliştirici çalışmalara antrenman öncesinde fazla miktarda yer verilmelidir.    

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Badminton,Koordinasyon,Çeviklik,Kuvvet,Pliometrik

The effect of coordination and plyometric exercises on agility, jumping and endurance ability in badminton players

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of coordination and plyometric exercises on agility and coordination of jumping ability and other biomotor abilities in badminton.

Material and Method: The study groups consisted of badminton athletes with a mean age of 21±1 years. As a pre- and post-tests are agility tests (T-test and Repeated ability test), leg strength tests (countermovement jump test, squat jump test, standing long jump, single leg jump test), Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1(YYIRTL1) and blood lactate test. Independent sample t-test was used for statistical analysis of the differences between the groups in the measurements, and statistical analysis of the intra-group difference was assessed using the paired sample t-test (p<0.05).

Results: According to the independent sample t-test, there were significant differences in the right and left single foot jump, standing long jump (p<0.05), YYIRTL1 distance (p<0.01) and lactate values between the plyometric and control groups but there was no significant difference all other biomotor features between the plyometric and control groups (p>0.05). In the plyometric group, there was a significant difference in countermovement jump, squat jump, standing long jump (p<0.05) and YYIRTL1 distance (p<0.01) values while there was no statistically significant difference in other biomotor features (p<0.05). In the control group, there was a significant difference in the squat jump and YYIRTL1 distance values when the difference between the pre- and post-test was examined, but no statistically significant difference was found in the other biomotor properties (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Reason for the greater changes in the plyometric group can be explained by the coordination and plyometric studies that were planned regularly in this period. The coordination exercises and plyometric exercises for this group at 8 weeks resulted in a meaningful change. Particularly badminton should be placed in excessive amounts before workout training to improve the jump and agility feature which are important parameters.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Badminton,Agility,Endurance

Kaynakça

1. Ateş, M., Demir, M. & Ateşoğlu, U. (2007). Pilometrik antrenmanın 16-18 yaş grubu erkek futbolcuların bazı fiziksel ve fizyolojik parametreleri üzerine etkisi. Niğde Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi; Cilt 1, Sayı 1.
2. Bal, B.S., Kaur, P.J. & Singh, D. (2011). Effects of a short term plyometric training program of agility in young basketball players. Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity, 5(4), 271- 27.
3. Bangsbo, J., Iaia F.M. & Krustrup, P. (2008). The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test. Sports Med 2008; 38 (1), 37-51.
4. Walklate, B.M., O’brien, B.J., Paton, C.D. & Young, W. (2009). Supplementing regular training with short-duration sprint-agility training leads to a substantial increase in repeated sprint-agility performance with national level badminton players. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research: 23(5): 1477-1481.
5. Carter A.B., Kaminski T.W., Douex A.T., Christopher J., Knight A. & Richards J.G. (2007). Effects of high volume upper extremity plyometric training on throwing velocity and functional strength ratios of the shoulder rotators in collegiate baseball players. J Strength Cond Res, 21, 208-215.
6. Chu, D.A. (1996). Jumping into Plyometrics. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
7. Cümşütoğlu R. & Kale R. (1994). Uçan Tüytop Badminton. Başak Ofset, İstanbul.
8. Diallo, O., Dore, E., Duche, P. & Van, P.E. (2001). Effects of plyometric training followed by a reduced training programme on physical performance in prepubescent soccer players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 41, 3-5.

9. Gorostiaga, E.M., Izquierdo, M. Ruesta, M., Iribarren, J., Gonzalez- Badillo, JJ., and Ibanez, J. (2004). Strength training effects on physical performance and serum hormones in young soccer players. Eur J Appl Physiol 91, 698–707.
10. Kasabalis, A., Douda, H. & Tokmakidis, S.P. (2005). Relationship between anaerobic power and jumping of selected male volleyball players of different ages. Percept Mot Skills; 100(3), 607-14.
11. Kızılet, T. (2011). Genç bayan futbolcularda koşu ekonomisi ve diğer biomotor özelliklerin birbiri ile ilişkisi Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora tezi. İstanbul.
12. Kotzamanidis, C. (2006). Effect of plyometric training on running performance and vertical jumping in prepubertal boys. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 20, 441-445.
13. Kukolj, M., Ropret, R., Ugarkovic, D., & Jaric, S. (1999). Anthropometric, strength, and power predictors of sprinting performance. Journal of Sports Medicine & Physical Fitness, 39 (2), 120-2.
14. Lees, A, Asai, T, Andersen, TB, Nunome, H. & Sterzing, T. (2010). The biomechanics of kicking in soccer: A review. J Sports Sci 28, 805–817.
15. Lim, J.H., Wee, E.H., Chan, K.Q. & Ler, H.Y. (2012). Effect of plyometric training on the agility of students enrolled in required college badminton programme. International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences, 24(1), 18-24.
16. Maffiuletti, N.A., Dugnani, S., Folz, M., Di Pierno, E. & Mauro, F. (2002). The effect of electrostimulation training and basketball practice on muscle strength and jumping ability. Int J Sports Med, 21, 437–443.
17. Majumdar, P., Khanna, G.L., Malik, V., Sachdeva, S., Arif, M.D. & Mandal, M. (1997). Physiological analysis to quantify training load in badminton. BrJ Sports Med, 31, 342-345.
18. Majeed, A., Nizar, K., Latheef, A. & Nishad, M. (2016). Effects of plyometric training on agility and dynamic postural control in badminton players. International Journal of Sports Sciences & Fitness, vol. 6, Issue 2, p1-1.
19. Malisoux, L., Francaux, M. & Nielens, H. (2006). Stretch-shortening cycle exercises: an effective training paradigm to enhance power output of human single muscle fibers. J Appl Physiol, 100, 771-780.
20. Mannan, S. & Johnson, P. (2015). Impact of volleyball specific plyometric training on speed power and agility of male volleyball players. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Volume 1, Issue 2-, pp-23.
21. Markovic, G. (2007). Does plyometric training improve vertical jump height a meta-analytical review. British Journal of Sports Medicine; 41, 349-355.
22. Matavulj, D., Kukolj, M., Ugarhovic, D., Tihanyi, J. & Jaric, S. (2001). Effects of plyometric training on jumping performance in junior basketball players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness; 41, 159-164.
23. Meylan, C., & Malatesta, D. (2009). Effects of in-season plyometric training within soccer practice on explosive actions of young players The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(9), 2605-2613.
24. Middleton, G., Bishop, D.C., Smith, C. & Gee, T.I. (2016). Effectiveness of a low-frequency sports-specific resistance and plyometric training programme: the case of an elite junior Badminton Players. International Journal of Coaching Science, Vol.10, No.2.
25. Miller, J. M., Hilbert, S. C & Brown, L. E. (2001). Speed, Quickness, and Agility Training for Senior Tennis Players. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 23(5), 62.
26. Mirwald, R.L., Baxter-Jones, A.D., Bailey, D.A. & Beunen, G.P. (2002). An assessment of maturity from anthropometric measurements. Med Sci Sports Exerc 34, 689–694.
27. Moir, G., Button, C., Glaister, M., and Stone, M.H. (2004). Influence of familiarization of the reliability of vertical jump and acceleration sprinting performance in physically active men. J Strength Cond Res 18, 276-280.
28. Muratlı S. (2003). Antrenman bilimi yaklaşımıyla çocuk ve spor. Nobel Basımevi, Ankara
29. Omesegaard, B.O. (1996). Physical Training for Badminton. p37-51 Mailing beck A/S, Denmark.
30. Özmen, T., & Aydoğmus, M. (2017). Effect of plyometric training on jumping performance and agility in adolescent badminton players. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise Volume: 19 - Issue: 2 - p: 222-227.
31. Paradis, S.A. (2003). The effect of a 6-week speed and agility program on the development of explosive power, strength, speed, and agility in youth soccer players. Universty of Pitsburg; 9-13.
32. Polat, G. (2001). 9-12 yaş grubu çocuklarda 12 haftalı temel badminton eğitimini antrenmanlarının motorik fonksiyonları ve reaksiyon zamanları üzerine etkisi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilimdalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.
33. Rameshkannan, S. & Chittibabu, B. (2014). Effect of plyometric training on agility performance of male handball players. International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports, 3(4), 72-76.
34. Ratamess, N. (2012). ‘ACSM’s Foundations of Strength Training and Conditioning’ American College of Sports Medicine. Indianapolis, s. 475
35. Reyment, C.M., Bonis, M.E., Lundquist, J.C., Dalleck, L.C. & Janot, J.M. (2007). Effects of a Four Week Plyometric Training Program on Measurements of Power in Male Collegiate Hockey Players. The American College of Sports Medicine, 39, 210-215
36. Rodrigo, R., Francisco, G., Carlos, H.,
Cesar, M.P., Cristian, M., Cristian, A., Alexis, C.,
Eduardo, L. C., & Mikel, I. (2015). Effect of Vertıcal, Horizontal, and Combined Plyometric Training on Explosive, Balance, And Endurance Performance of Young
Soccer Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(7), 1784–1795
37. Semenick, D. (1990). ‘The T:test’. NSCA. 12(1), 36-37.

38. Slinde, F., Suber, C., Suber, L., Edwen, C.E. & Swantesson, U. (2008). Test-retest reliability of three different countermovement jumping tests. Journal of Strength and Conditioning, 22 (2), 643.
39. Samur, D. (2002). Erkek voleybolcularda pliometrik antrenmanın fiziki, fizyolojik parametreler ile sıçrama kuvveti ve performansa etkisi. Sivas, Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi; 27,30,37.
40. Sheppard, J. M, & Young, W. B. (2006). Agility literanae review: Qassifications, training and testing. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(9), 919-932. .
41. Tanner, R. K. & Gore, J. C., (2013). Physiological Tests for Elite Athletes. Second Edition, Australian Institute of Sport, Human Kinetics, s.199.
42. Tegtbur, U., Busse, M.W. & Braumann, K.R. (1993). Estimation of individual equilibrium between lactate production and catabolism during exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 25, 620-627.
43. Thomas, K., French, D., & Hayes, P. R. (2009). The effect of two plyometric training techniques on muscular power and agility in youth soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(1), 332-335.
44. Wong, P.L., Chamari, K. & Wisloff, U. (2010). Effects of 12-week on-field combined strength and power training on physical performance
among U-14 young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 24, 644–652.
45. Wu, Y.K., Lien, Y.H., Lin, K.H., Shih, T.T., Wang, T.G. & Wang, H.K. (2009). Relationships between three potentiation effects of plyometric training and performance. Scandinavian Journal Medicine Science Sports, 15.
46. Vescovi, J.D., Rupf, R., Brown, T. D. & Marques, M. C. (2011). Physical performance characteristics of high-level female soccer players 12–21 years of age. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. Volume 21, Issue 5, p.670–678
47. Yadav, S.K. (2017). Relationship of selected motor fitness variables with the performance of badminton players. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health; 4(2): 145-147
48. Yancia, J., Arcosa, A.L., Camaraa, J., Castilloa, D., Garcíab, A. & Castagna, C. (2016). Effects of horizontal plyometric training volume on soccer players’ performance. Research in Sports Medicine, ISSN: 1543-8627.
49. Young, W.B., Newton, R.U. & Doyle, T.L. (2005). Physiological and anthropometric characteristics of starters and non-starters and playing position in elite Australian rules football: A case study. J Sci Med Sport, 8(3): 333
50. Young, W., & Farrow, D. (2006). A review of agility: practical applications for strength and conditioning. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 28(5), 24-29.