Hentbolcularda Sekiz Haftalık Piramidal Kuvvet Antrenman Yönteminin Sürat, Dikey Sıçrama ve Maksimal Kuvvet Değişkenlerine Etkisi

Yıl 2021, , 12 - 21, 15.03.2021

Mehmet Hilmi Gökmen , Nurten Dinç

https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.847024

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı hentbolculara uygulanan 8 haftalık piramidal kuvvet antrenmanının sürat, dikey sıçrama ve kuvvet üzerine etkisini incelemektir.

Materyal ve Metot: Bu araştırmaya Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi erkek hentbol takımında oynayan 17 gönüllü katılmıştır. 17 katılımcı randomize yöntem kullanılarak; antrenman (n=9) ve kontrol (n=8) olarak üzere iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Antrenman grubuna 8 hafta boyunca piramidal kuvvet antrenmanı uygulanırken, kontrol grubuna kuvvet antrenmanı programı uygulatılmamıştır. Her iki test dönemi öncesinde katılımcıların boy, kilo ve beden kütle indeksi ölçümleri alınmıştır. Sekiz haftalık antrenman programı öncesi ve sonrasında sırasıyla; 1 tekrar maksimum bench press-skuat testi, dikey sıçrama testi ve 20 metre sürat testi uygulanmıştır. Tüm veriler Windows 10 işletim sistemi altında çalışan SPSS 23.0 programında analiz edilmiştir. Wilcoxon sıralı işaretler testi ve Mann-Withney U testi uygulanmıştır.

Bulgular: Analizler sonucunda, elde edilen bulgulara göre; antrenman grubunun 1 tekrar maksimum bench press ve squat testi sonuçlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunurken (p< 0.05), kontrol grubunun sadece dikey sıçrama testinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p< 0.05). Gruplar arası karşılaştırma yaptığımızda ise grupların ön test sonuçlarında sadece 1 tekrar maksimum bench press testinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunurken (p< 0.05), grupların son test sonuçlarında 1 tekrar maksimum bench press, 1 tekrar maksimum squat ve dikey sıçrama testlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır (p< 0.05).

Sonuç: Araştırma verilerinden elde edilen sonuçlara göre; hentbolculara uygulanan piramidal kuvvet antrenmanının olumlu etkilerinin olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Takım Sporları, Kuvvet, Piramidal Antrenman, Fiziksel Performans

Teşekkür

Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi hentbol takımının antrenörü Oğuzhan Pilça’ya ve 17 sporcuya teşekkür ederim.

The Effect of Eight-Week Pyramidal Strength Training Method on Speed, Vertical Jump and Maximal Force Variables in Handball Players

Öz

Aim: This aim study is to examine the effect of 8-week pyramidal strength training applied to handbal players on speed, vertical jump and strength.

Methods: This study consists of 17 male handball players playing in Manisa Celal Bayar University Sport Sciences Faculty. 17 participants using randomized method; It was divided into two groups as training (n=9) and control (n=8). While pyramidal strength training was applied to the training group for 8 weeks, the strength training program was not applied to the control group. Body height, body masss and body-mass index measurements of participants were measured. During the pre and post-test 1 repetition maximum bench press and squat test, vertical jump test, and 20 meters speed tests were applied. Data analysis were performed SPSS 23.0 for Windows 10. The collecting data were analyzed with Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann-Withney U tests.

Results: As a result of the analysis, according to the findings obtained; While a statistically significant difference was found in the 1 repitation maximum bench press and squat test results of the training group (p<0.05), a statistically significant difference was found only in the vertical jump test of the control group (p<0.05). When we make a comparison between the groups, there is a statistically significant difference in the pre-test results of the groups only in the 1 repitation maximum bench press test (p<0.05), while there is a statistically significant difference in the post-test results of the groups in the 1-rep maximum bench press, 1 repitation maximum squat and vertical jump tests. was determined (p<0.05).

Conclusion: According to the results obtained from the research data; It has been determined that pyramidal strength training applied to handball players has positive effects.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Team Sports, Strength, Pyramidal Training, Physical performance

Kaynakça

• Akdağcık Ümran İ. (2014). Bench press tekniğinde bir tekrarda kaldırılan maksimum ağırlığın indirekt olarak araştırılması. İnternational Journal of Human Sciences. 11: 177-191.
• Angleri, V, Ugrinowitsch, C, Libardi, C.A. (2017). Crescent pyramid and drop-set systems do not promote greater strength gains, muscle hypertrophy, and changes on muscle architecture compared with traditional resistance training in welltrained men. Eur J Appl Physiol. 117: 359-369.
• Brito, J, Vasconcellos, F, Oliveira, J, Krustrup, P, Rebelo, A. (2014). Short-term performance effects of three different low-volume strength-training programmes in college male soccer players. Journal of Human Kinetics. 40: 121-128.
• Carvalho, A, Mourão, P, Abade, E. (2014). Effects of Strength Training Combined with Specific Plyometric exercises on body composition, vertical jump height and lower limb strength development in elite male handball players: a case study. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2014; 41: 125-132.
• Chelly, M.S, Ghenem, M.A, Abıd, K, Hermassi, S, Tabka, Z, Shephard, R.J. (2010). Effects of in-season short-term plyometric training program on leg power, jump- and sprint performance of soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 10: 2670-2676.
• Chelly, M.S, Hermassi, S, Shephard, R.J. (2010). Relationships between power and strength of the upper and lower limb muscles and throwing velocity in male handball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 24: 1480-1487.
• Cherif, M, Said, M, Chaatani, S, Nejlaoui O, Gomri D, Abdallah A. (2012). The effect of a combined high-intensity plyometric and speed training program on the running and jumping ability of male handball players. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine. 3: 21-28.
• Cinel, Y, Yenigün, Ö, Çolak, T, Özbek, A, Yenigün, N, Çolak, E. (2006). Voleybolcularda maksimal kuvvet gelişimi için uygulanacak antrenman programı seçiminde piramidal yüklenme yöntemi ve tekrar yüklenme yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 1: 25-29.
• Crewther, B.T, Heke, T, Keogh, J.W.L. (2016). The effects of two equal-volume training protocols upon strength, body composition and salivary hormones in male rugby union players. Biol. Sport. 33: 111-116.
• Çakır, Z. (2016). Genç hentbolcularda pliometrik antrenmanların izokinetik diz kuvveti, dinamik denge, anaerobik güç, sürat ve çevikliğe etkisi. Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Danışmanı: Doç. Dr. S. Uzun). İstanbul.
• Del Vecchio, A, Casolo, A, Negro, F, Scorcelletti, M, Bazzucchi, I, Enoka, R, Felici, F, & Farina, D. (2019). The increase in muscle force after 4 weeks of strength training is mediated by adaptations in motor unit recruitment and rate coding. Journal of Physiology, 597(7), 1873–1887. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP277250
• Harmandeep, S, Satinder, K, Amita, R, Anupriya, S. (2015). Effects of six-week plyometrics on vertical jumping ability of volleyball players. Research Journal of Physical Education Sciences. 4: 1-4.
• Hermassi, S, Chelly M.S, Tabka, Z, Shephard, R.J, Chamarı K. (2011). Effects of 8-week in-season upper and lower limb heavy resistance training on the peak power, throwing velocity, and sprint performance of elite male handball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 25: 2424-2433.
• Hermassi S, Tıllaar, R.V.D, Khlifa, R, Chelly M.S, Chamari, K. (2015). Comparison of in-season-specific resistance vs. a regular throwing training program on throwing velocity, anthropometry, and power performance in elite handball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 29: 2105-2114.
• Hermassi, S, Chelly, M.S, Fathloun, M, Shephard R.J. (2010). The effect of heavy- vs. moderate-load training on the development of strength, power, and throwing ball velocity in male handball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 24: 2408-2418.
• Jones, M.T. (2014). Effect of compensatory acceleration training in combination with accommodating resistance on upper body strength in collegiate athletes. Journal of Sports Medicine. 5: 183-189.
• Kvorning, T, Hansen M.R.B, Jensen, K. (2017). Strength and conditioning training by the danish national handball team before an olympic tournament. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 31: 1759-1765.
• Loturco, I, Pereira, L. A, Fílter, A, Olivares-Jabalera, J, Reis, V. P, Fernandes, V, Freitas, T. T, & Requena, B. (2020). Curve sprinting in soccer: Relationship with linear sprints and vertical jump performance. Biology of Sport, 37(3), 277–283. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2020.96271
• Massuça, L.M, Fragoso, I, Teles, J. (2014). Attributes of top elite team-handball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 28: 178-186.
• Naclerio, F, Faigenbaum, A.D, Zabala, E.L, Bibao, T.P, Kang, J, Ratamess, N.A, Triplett, N.T. (2013). Effects of different resistance training volumes on strength and power in team sport athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 27: 1832-1840.
• Nazik, F.C, Kılınç, F, Salici, O, Orhan, H. (2017). Elit haltercilere uygulanan 6 haftalık yoğun piramidal ve maksimal kuvvet antrenmanlarının kas çevresi ile performanslarına etkilerinin araştırılması. Akademik Bakış Dergisi (Uluslararası Hakemli Sosyal Bilimler E-Dergisi). 61: 387-403.
• Nazik, N.K. (2018). Elit Haltercilerde Farklı Kuvvet Antrenman Protokollerinin Anaerobik Güce ve Vücut Kompozisyonuna Etkisi. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimler Enstitüsü, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Ana Bilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Danışman: Dr. Öğretim Üyesi O. Yüksel). Kütahya.
• Pérez, J.A.T, Zmijewski, P, Jimenez, J.M.O, Jové, M.A.T, Martínez, A.C, Suárez, C.L, Andreu, E.C. (2014). Effects of whole body vibration on strength and jumping performance ın volleyball and beach volleyball players. Biology of Sport. 3: 239-245.
• Ravé, J.M.G, Arrese, A.L, Mohino. F.G, Yustres, I, Barragán, R, Fernández, F.D.A, Juárez, D, Toledo, J.J.A. (2018). The effects of two different resisted swim training load protocols on swimming strength and performance. Journal of Human Kinetics. 64: 195-204.
• Rıbeıro, A.S, Schoenfeld, B.J, Fleck, S.J, Pına, F.L.C, Nascımento, M.A, Cyrıno, E.S. (2016). Effects of tradıtıonal and pyramıdal resıstance traınıng systems on muscular strength, muscle mass, and hormonal responses ın older women: a randomızed crossover trıal. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 31(7): 1888-1896.
• Ronnestad, B.R, Kvamme, N.H, Sunde, A, Raastad, T. (2008). Short-term effects of strength and plyometric training on sprint and jump performance in professional soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 3: 773-780.
• Santos, L.D, Ribeiro, A.S, Cavalcante, E.F, Nabuca, H.C, Antunes, M, Schoenfeld, B.J, Cyrino, E.S. (2018). Effects of modified pyramid system on muscular strength and hypertrophy in older women. Int J Sports Med. 39: 613–618.
• Sarabia, J.M, Ramon, M.M, Davo, J.L.H, Fernandez, J.F, Sabido, R. (2017). The effects of training with loads that maximise power output and individualised repetitions vs. traditional power training. Plos One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal pone.0186601.
• Schoenfeld, B.J, Peterson, M.D, Ogborn, D, Contreras, B, Sonmez, G.L. (2015). Effects of low- vs. high-load resistance training on muscle strength and hypertrophy in well-trained men. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 29: 2954-2963.
• Shareef, SS.N. (2017). 16-19 Yaşlar arası hentbolcularda 8 haftalık pliometrik antrenmanın bazı motorik özelliklere etkisi. Ömer Halis Demir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi (Danışman: Dr. Öğretim Üyesi C. Berkan Alpay). Niğde.
• Speranza, M.J.A, Gabbett, T.J, Johnston, R.D, Sheppard, J.M. (2016). Effect of strength and power training on tackling ability in semiprofessional rugby league players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2: 336-343.
• Spieszny, M, Zubik, M. (2018). Modification of strength training programs in handball players and its influence on power during the competitive period. Journal of Human Kinetics. 63: 149-160.
• Styles, W.J, Matthews, M.J, Comfort, P. (2015). Effects of strength training on squat and sprint performance in soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 6: 1534-1539.
• Suchomel, T. J, Nimphius, S, Bellon, C. R, & Stone, M. H. (2018). The Importance of Muscular Strength: Training Considerations. Sports Medicine, 48(4), 765–785. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0862-z
• Veliz, R.R, Requena, B, Arrones, L.S, Newton, R.U, Vıllarreal, E.S.D. (2014). Effects of 18-week in-season heavy-resistance and power training on throwing velocity, strength, jumping, and maximal sprint swim performance of elite male water polo players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 28: 1007-1014.
• Winwood, P.W, Cronin, J.B, Posthumus, L.R, Finlayson, S.J, Gill, N.D, Keogh, J.W.L. (2015). Strongman vs. traditional resistance training effects on muscular function and performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.