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Doğa sporları aktivitelerine katılan bireylerin olumlu ve olumsuz duygulanım durumlarının incelenmesi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 76 - 85, 15.09.2017
https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.306829

Öz

Amaç:
Bu çalışmanın amacı, doğa sporları aktivitelerine katılan bireylerin genel,
pozitif ve negatif duygu durumlarını ve etkinliklere yönelik günlük memnuniyet
düzeylerini incelemektir.



Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmaya, 104 gönüllü kişi (Xyaş=23,70±3,04) katılmış ve çalışma verileri, günlük olarak 3
gün boyunca Antalya, Köprülü Kanyon Milli Parkı'nda organize edilen
aktivitelerden sonra Pozitif ve Negatif Duygu Durumu Ölçeği (PANAS) ve Genel
Memnuniyet Anketi ile toplanmıştır. Katılımcıların doğa sporları aktivitelerine
yönelik duygu durumlarının ortalamalarının karşılaştırılmasında “Tek Yönlü
ANOVA testi”, “Tekrarlanan Ölçümlerde ANOVA testi” ve “Tekrarlanan Ölçümlerde
İki Yönlü ANOVA testi” kullanılmıştır.



Bulgular: Yapılan test sonuçlarına göre katılımcıların genel
duygu durumlarında 1. (X
=2,74) ve 2. (X=2,97) gün arasında; pozitif duygu durumlarında
ise 1. (X
=4,12) – 2. (X=4,28) ve 2. (X=4,28) – 3. (X=4,09) günler arasında anlamlı farklılık tespit
edilmiştir. Ayrıca, cinsiyetin katılımcıların genel, pozitif ve negatif duygu
durumlarını etkilemediği belirlenmiştir.


Sonuçlar: Yapılan çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, doğa
sporlarına katılım bireylerin genel ve pozitif duygu durumlarına olumlu etki
yaratmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Anita, P., Carpenter, C. & Townsend, M. (2005). Outdoor education and bush adventure therapy: A social-ecological approach to health and wellbeing. Australian Journal Of Outdoor Education, 9(1): 3-13.
  • Bell, S. (2008). Design for outdoor recreation. Second Edition. New York: Taylor & Francis.
  • Bell, S., Tyrväinen, L., Sievänen, T., Pröbstl, U. & Simpson, M. (2007). Outdoor recreation and nature tourism: A European perspective. Living Reviews in Landscape Research, 1: 5-46.
  • Bell, S., Ward Thompson, C., Findlay, C., Montarzino, A. & Morris, N. (2005), Self Reported Stress Reduction by Users of Woodlands, in Forests, Trees, and Human Health and Well-Being, (Ed.) Galls, C.T., Proceedings of the 1st COST E39 Conference, October 2005, Thessaloniki, pp. 71–80, Thessaloniki (SIOKIS Medical & Scientific Publishers).
  • Bigné, J. E., Sánchez, M. I. & Sánchez, J. (2001). Tourism image, evaluation variables and after purchase behaviour: inter-relationship. Tourism Management, 22(6):607-616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(01)00035-8.
  • Blair, S.N., Cheng, Y. & Holder, J. S. (2001). Is physical activity or physical fitness more important in defining health benefits? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33: 379-99.
  • Brymer, E. G., Cuddihy, T., & Sharma-Brymer, V. (2010). The role of nature-based experiences in the development and maintenance of wellness. Asia-Pacific Journal of Health, Sport and Physical Education, 1, 21-27.
  • Cetinkaya, G. (2006). Medicinal and aromatic plants in Köprülü Canyon National Park, Turkey, Biodiversity, 7:3-4, 31-36, DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2006.9712809.
  • Collins, S. & Brown, H. (2007). The Growing challenge of managing outdoor recreation, Journal of Forestry, 105(7): 371-375.
  • Cordell, H.K. (2008). The Latest on trends in nature-based outdoor recreation. Forest History Today Spring, 4-10.
  • Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü. (2016). Erişim adresi: http://www.milliparklar.gov.tr/mp/koprulukanyon/index.htm.
  • Duman, T., & Mattila, A. S. (2005). The role of affective factors on perceived cruise vacation value. Tourism Management, 26: 311–323.
  • Durr, L.I. (2009). Optimal Challenge: The Impact of adventure experiences on subjective well-being. Journal of Experiental Education, 31(3): 451-455.
  • Duvall, J.D. & Kaplan, R. (2014). Enhancing the well-being of veterans using extended group-based nature recreation experiences. J Rehabil Res Dev.51(5): 685-696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2013.08.0190.
  • Garst, B., Scheider, I. & Baker, D. (2001). Outdoor Adventure program participation impacts on adolescent self-perception. The Journal of Experiential Education, 24(1); 41-49.
  • Gençöz, T. (2000). Pozitif ve Negatif Duygu Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15(46), 19-26.
  • Hug, S., Hartig, T., Hansmann, R., Seeland, K., & Hornung, R. (2009). Restorative qualities of indoor and outdoor exercise settings as predictors of exercise frequency. Health & Place, 15, 971-980. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.03.002.
  • Hung, W-L. & Hsieh, L-W. (2014). Coping as a moderator of the relation between recreation Hassles and hikers satisfaction. Contemporary Management Research.10(4): 273-286. doi:10.7903/cmr.12579.
  • Kainzinger, S., Burns, R.C. & Arnberger, A. (2015). Whitewater boater and angler conflict, crowding and satisfaction on the North Umpqua River, Oregon. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 20: 542–552. doi:10.1080/10871209.2015.1072757.
  • Karaca, N.,H., Gündüz, A. & Aral, N. (2011). Okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının sosyal davranışının incelenmesi. Kuramsal Eğitimbilim, 4(2): 65-76.
  • Loureiro, A. & Veloso, S. (2014). Outdoor exercise, well-being and connectedness to nature. Psico, 45(3): 299-304.
  • Maller, C., Townsend, M., Pryor, A., Brown, P. & St.Leger, L. (2006). Healthy nature healthy people: ‘Contact with nature’ as an upstream health promotion intervention for populations, Health Promot Int. 21(1): 45-54.
  • Manning, R., Valliere, W., Minteer, B., Wang, B. & Jacobi, C. (2000). Crowding in parks and outdoor recreation: A theoretical, emprical, and managerial analysis. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration. 18(4): 57-72.
  • Mendeş, M., Subaşı, S. & Başpınar, E. (2005). Bilimsel çalişmalarda P-değerinin rapor edilmesi (P<0.01?, P<0.05?, P>0.05?). Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(4): 359-363.
  • Mitchell, R. (2013). Is physical activity in natural environments better for mental health than physical activity in other environments? Social Science & Medicine. 1-5. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.04.012.
  • Outdoor Industry Association. (2012). The Outdoor Recreation Economy. Washington.
  • Pallant, J. (2001). SPSS survival manual. Open University Press: Buckingham.
  • Pigram, J.J. & Jenkins, J.M. (1999). Outdoor recreation management. Routledge: London.
  • Pressman, S.D. & Cohen, S. (2005). Does positive affect influence health? Psychological Bulletin, . 131(6): 925–971. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.925.
  • Pretty J., Griffin M., Sellens M. & Pretty C. (2003). Green exercise: Complementary roles of nature, exercise and diet in physical and emotional well-being and implications for public health policy. Colchester: University of Essex.
  • Pretty, J., Peacock, J., Sellens, M., & Murray, G. (2005). The mental and physical health outcomes of green exercise. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 15, 319-337. doi:10.1080/09603120500155963.
  • Reconomics (2014). The Economic Impact of Outdoor Recreation. UK.
  • Rocha, C.A., Sousa, F.W., Zanella, M.E., Oliveira, A.G., Nascimento, R.F., Souza, O.V., Cajazeiras, I.M.P., Lima, J.L.R. & Cavalcante, R.M. (2016). Environmental quality assessment in areas used for physical activity and recreation in a city affected by intense urban expansion (Fortaleza-CE, Brazil): Implications for public health policy. Expo Health, DOI 10.1007/s12403-016-0230-x.
  • Ryan, R. M., Weinstein, N., Bernstein, J., Brown, K. W., Mistretta, L., & Gagné, M. (2010). Vitalizing effects of being outdoors and in nature. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30, 159-168. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.10.009.
  • Sheard, M. & Golby, J. (2006). The efficacy of an outdoor adventure education curriculum on selected aspects of positive psychological development. Joumal of Experiential Education. 29(2): 187-209.
  • Tsaur, SH., Lin, WR. & Cheng, TM. (2015). Toward a structural model of challenge experience in adventure recreation. Journal of Leisure Research, 47(3): 322-336.
  • Tyrväinen, L., Korpela, K., Silvennoinen, H. & Ylen, M. (2006), The importance of nature to Finns and the effect of the use of green areas on perceived health and restorative experiences, in Urban Forestry for Human Health and Wellbeing (Abstract book), (Eds.) Nilsson, K., Nielsen, A.B., COST E39 Research Conference / ASEM 2nd Symposium on Urban Forestry, Copenhagen, 28–30 June 2006, Copenhagen (Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University).
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of personality and social psychology, 54(6), 1063.

Examination of outdoor sports activities on individuals’ positive and negative affect

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 76 - 85, 15.09.2017
https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.306829

Öz

Aim:
The purpose of this study is to examine the changes in overall affect, positive
affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) of the individuals involved in outdoor
activities. Moreover, the study aims to describe daily satisfaction levels of
the participants of outdoor sports activities.



Material and Methods: This study was conducted in the south of Turkey,
Antalya, Köprülü Canyon National Park and followed daily diary studies in
non-experimental design. 104 voluntary participants (X
age=23.70±3.04),
who were not actively involved in recreational sports activities, were measured
by The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Besides, overall
Satisfaction Questionnaire was measured during their activities. Average of PA
and NA values of participants involved in outdoor sports activities were
compared for each of the three days by Repeated Measures ANOVA and Two-way
Repeated Measures ANOVA analysis.



Results: When
the overall changes in the affect levels of participants were considered, a
significant increase was observed between the 1st (X
=2.74) and 2nd days (X=2.97). The changes in PA’s of participants were
significant with an increase between the 1st (X
=4.12) and 2nd (X=4.28) days and a decrease between 2nd (X=4.28) and 3rd (X=4.09) days. Furthermore, it was determined that
gender did not affect the general, positive, and negative emotional states of
the participants.


Conclusion: The results reveal that participating in outdoor
sports activities positively influence the overall and positive affect levels
of participants.

Kaynakça

  • Anita, P., Carpenter, C. & Townsend, M. (2005). Outdoor education and bush adventure therapy: A social-ecological approach to health and wellbeing. Australian Journal Of Outdoor Education, 9(1): 3-13.
  • Bell, S. (2008). Design for outdoor recreation. Second Edition. New York: Taylor & Francis.
  • Bell, S., Tyrväinen, L., Sievänen, T., Pröbstl, U. & Simpson, M. (2007). Outdoor recreation and nature tourism: A European perspective. Living Reviews in Landscape Research, 1: 5-46.
  • Bell, S., Ward Thompson, C., Findlay, C., Montarzino, A. & Morris, N. (2005), Self Reported Stress Reduction by Users of Woodlands, in Forests, Trees, and Human Health and Well-Being, (Ed.) Galls, C.T., Proceedings of the 1st COST E39 Conference, October 2005, Thessaloniki, pp. 71–80, Thessaloniki (SIOKIS Medical & Scientific Publishers).
  • Bigné, J. E., Sánchez, M. I. & Sánchez, J. (2001). Tourism image, evaluation variables and after purchase behaviour: inter-relationship. Tourism Management, 22(6):607-616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(01)00035-8.
  • Blair, S.N., Cheng, Y. & Holder, J. S. (2001). Is physical activity or physical fitness more important in defining health benefits? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33: 379-99.
  • Brymer, E. G., Cuddihy, T., & Sharma-Brymer, V. (2010). The role of nature-based experiences in the development and maintenance of wellness. Asia-Pacific Journal of Health, Sport and Physical Education, 1, 21-27.
  • Cetinkaya, G. (2006). Medicinal and aromatic plants in Köprülü Canyon National Park, Turkey, Biodiversity, 7:3-4, 31-36, DOI: 10.1080/14888386.2006.9712809.
  • Collins, S. & Brown, H. (2007). The Growing challenge of managing outdoor recreation, Journal of Forestry, 105(7): 371-375.
  • Cordell, H.K. (2008). The Latest on trends in nature-based outdoor recreation. Forest History Today Spring, 4-10.
  • Doğa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel Müdürlüğü. (2016). Erişim adresi: http://www.milliparklar.gov.tr/mp/koprulukanyon/index.htm.
  • Duman, T., & Mattila, A. S. (2005). The role of affective factors on perceived cruise vacation value. Tourism Management, 26: 311–323.
  • Durr, L.I. (2009). Optimal Challenge: The Impact of adventure experiences on subjective well-being. Journal of Experiental Education, 31(3): 451-455.
  • Duvall, J.D. & Kaplan, R. (2014). Enhancing the well-being of veterans using extended group-based nature recreation experiences. J Rehabil Res Dev.51(5): 685-696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2013.08.0190.
  • Garst, B., Scheider, I. & Baker, D. (2001). Outdoor Adventure program participation impacts on adolescent self-perception. The Journal of Experiential Education, 24(1); 41-49.
  • Gençöz, T. (2000). Pozitif ve Negatif Duygu Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 15(46), 19-26.
  • Hug, S., Hartig, T., Hansmann, R., Seeland, K., & Hornung, R. (2009). Restorative qualities of indoor and outdoor exercise settings as predictors of exercise frequency. Health & Place, 15, 971-980. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.03.002.
  • Hung, W-L. & Hsieh, L-W. (2014). Coping as a moderator of the relation between recreation Hassles and hikers satisfaction. Contemporary Management Research.10(4): 273-286. doi:10.7903/cmr.12579.
  • Kainzinger, S., Burns, R.C. & Arnberger, A. (2015). Whitewater boater and angler conflict, crowding and satisfaction on the North Umpqua River, Oregon. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 20: 542–552. doi:10.1080/10871209.2015.1072757.
  • Karaca, N.,H., Gündüz, A. & Aral, N. (2011). Okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının sosyal davranışının incelenmesi. Kuramsal Eğitimbilim, 4(2): 65-76.
  • Loureiro, A. & Veloso, S. (2014). Outdoor exercise, well-being and connectedness to nature. Psico, 45(3): 299-304.
  • Maller, C., Townsend, M., Pryor, A., Brown, P. & St.Leger, L. (2006). Healthy nature healthy people: ‘Contact with nature’ as an upstream health promotion intervention for populations, Health Promot Int. 21(1): 45-54.
  • Manning, R., Valliere, W., Minteer, B., Wang, B. & Jacobi, C. (2000). Crowding in parks and outdoor recreation: A theoretical, emprical, and managerial analysis. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration. 18(4): 57-72.
  • Mendeş, M., Subaşı, S. & Başpınar, E. (2005). Bilimsel çalişmalarda P-değerinin rapor edilmesi (P<0.01?, P<0.05?, P>0.05?). Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(4): 359-363.
  • Mitchell, R. (2013). Is physical activity in natural environments better for mental health than physical activity in other environments? Social Science & Medicine. 1-5. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.04.012.
  • Outdoor Industry Association. (2012). The Outdoor Recreation Economy. Washington.
  • Pallant, J. (2001). SPSS survival manual. Open University Press: Buckingham.
  • Pigram, J.J. & Jenkins, J.M. (1999). Outdoor recreation management. Routledge: London.
  • Pressman, S.D. & Cohen, S. (2005). Does positive affect influence health? Psychological Bulletin, . 131(6): 925–971. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.925.
  • Pretty J., Griffin M., Sellens M. & Pretty C. (2003). Green exercise: Complementary roles of nature, exercise and diet in physical and emotional well-being and implications for public health policy. Colchester: University of Essex.
  • Pretty, J., Peacock, J., Sellens, M., & Murray, G. (2005). The mental and physical health outcomes of green exercise. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 15, 319-337. doi:10.1080/09603120500155963.
  • Reconomics (2014). The Economic Impact of Outdoor Recreation. UK.
  • Rocha, C.A., Sousa, F.W., Zanella, M.E., Oliveira, A.G., Nascimento, R.F., Souza, O.V., Cajazeiras, I.M.P., Lima, J.L.R. & Cavalcante, R.M. (2016). Environmental quality assessment in areas used for physical activity and recreation in a city affected by intense urban expansion (Fortaleza-CE, Brazil): Implications for public health policy. Expo Health, DOI 10.1007/s12403-016-0230-x.
  • Ryan, R. M., Weinstein, N., Bernstein, J., Brown, K. W., Mistretta, L., & Gagné, M. (2010). Vitalizing effects of being outdoors and in nature. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30, 159-168. doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.10.009.
  • Sheard, M. & Golby, J. (2006). The efficacy of an outdoor adventure education curriculum on selected aspects of positive psychological development. Joumal of Experiential Education. 29(2): 187-209.
  • Tsaur, SH., Lin, WR. & Cheng, TM. (2015). Toward a structural model of challenge experience in adventure recreation. Journal of Leisure Research, 47(3): 322-336.
  • Tyrväinen, L., Korpela, K., Silvennoinen, H. & Ylen, M. (2006), The importance of nature to Finns and the effect of the use of green areas on perceived health and restorative experiences, in Urban Forestry for Human Health and Wellbeing (Abstract book), (Eds.) Nilsson, K., Nielsen, A.B., COST E39 Research Conference / ASEM 2nd Symposium on Urban Forestry, Copenhagen, 28–30 June 2006, Copenhagen (Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University).
  • Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. Journal of personality and social psychology, 54(6), 1063.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm SPOR YÖNETİM BİLİMLERİ
Yazarlar

Güney Çetinkaya 0000-0002-1757-5105

Ece Ömüriş

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Eylül 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 18 Nisan 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Çetinkaya, G., & Ömüriş, E. (2017). Examination of outdoor sports activities on individuals’ positive and negative affect. International Journal of Sport Exercise and Training Sciences - IJSETS, 3(3), 76-85. https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.306829

Cited By

The relation of physical activity to physical and mental health level in adolescents
International Journal of Sport, Exercise & Training Sciences
Ömer Faruk İNEÇLİA
https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.355110