Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis of team success using R

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 4, 201 - 213, 15.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.628653

Öz

Aim: A combination of football becoming highly commercialized, technological advances made, and increasing amounts of data becoming available has made it possible for researchers to conduct statistical analyses of the various aspects of the game with an ultimate focus on determining the key factors for team success.

Methods: This quasi-experimental study used an ex-post facto design to develop a model for team success. The sample consisted of 18 teams which played 306 matches in a 9-month long association football league format. A PLS-SEM path analysis was conducted using 11 latent variables. 

Results: Findings yielded a substantial overall model fit (GoF R2=0.811) for the measurement and structural models. The latent variables (LVs) of offence (β= 0.630, p< .001) and defence (β= 0.489, p<0.001) had statistically significant effects on the LV of success. The exogenous LVs offence and defence predicted 79.9% of the variability of the LV success and its manifest variables. 


Conclusion: The defensive ability of a team seemed just as important as the offensive ability for team success in football. This particular conclusion is well aligned with the outcome of various studies conducted by other researchers. For instance, Hughes & Churchill (2004) stated that in their study it appeared that defensive ability of teams to control the opposing team's movements had a significant effect on team success. 

Kaynakça

  • Armatas, V., Yiannakos, A. & Sileloglou, P. (2007). Relationship between time and goal scoring in soccer games: Analysis of three World Cups. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 7(2), 48–58.
  • Box, G.E.P. (1976). Science and statistics. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 71(356), 791–799.
  • Burham, K.P., Anderson, D.R. (2002). Model selection and multi-model inference. Springer-Verlag, New York.
  • Carling, C., Le Gall, F., McCall, A., Nédélec, M. & Dupont, G. (2015). Squad management, injury and match performance in a professional soccer team over a championship-winning season, European Journal of Sport Science, 15(7), 573–582.
  • Castellano, J., Casamichana, D. & Lago, C. (2012). The use of match statistics that discriminate between successful and unsuccessful soccer teams. Journal of Human Kinetics, 31, 139–147.
  • Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modelling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed), Modern methods for business research, 295–358. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Chin, W. W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses. In Vinzi, V. E., Chin, W. W., Henseler, J., and Wang, H. (Eds), Handbook of partial least squares: Concepts, methods and applications in marketing and related fields, 655–690. Berlin: Springer.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Crawley, M.J. (2007). The R Book. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester.
  • Dufour, M., Phillips, J. & Ernwein, V. (2017). What makes the difference? Analysis of the 2014 World Cup. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 12(3), 616–629. doi:https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2017.123.06
  • Hoyle, R. H. (1995). The structural equation modeling approach: Basic concepts and fundamental issues. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 1-15). Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Hughes, M.D., Bartlett, R.M. (2002). The use of performance indicators in performance analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20(10), 739–754.
  • Hughes, M.D., Churchill, S. (2004). Attacking profiles of successful and unsuccessful teams in Copa America 2001. Journal of Sport Sciences, 22(6), 505.
  • Hughes, M.D., Franks, I. (2005). Analysis of passing sequences, shots and goals in soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(5), 509–514.
  • James, N., Jones, P.D. & Mellalieu, S.D. (2004). Possession as a performance indicator in soccer as a function of successful and unsuccessful teams. Journal of Sport Sciences, 22(6), 507–508.
  • Fernandez-Navarro, J., Fraduab, L., Zubillagac, A., Forda, P.R. & McRoberta, A.P. (2016). Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(24), 2195–2204.
  • Field, A., Miles, J. & Field, Z. (2012). Discovering statistics using R. London: Sage.
  • Jones, P.D., James, N., and Mellalieu, S.D. (2004). Possession as a performance indicator in soccer. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 4, 98–102.
  • Kempe, M., Vogelbein, M., Memmert, D. & Nopp, S. (2014). Possession vs. direct play: Evaluating tactical behavior in elite soccer. International Journal of Sports Science, 4(6A), 35–41.
  • Lanham, N. (2005). The goal complete: The winning difference. Science and football V. London: Routledge.
  • Lago-Peñas, C., Dellal, A. (2010). Ball possession strategies in elite soccer according to the evolution of the match-score: the influence of situational variables. Journal of Human Kinetics, 25, 93–100.
  • Lago-Peñas, C., Martin, R. (2007). Determinants of possession of the ball in soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(9), 969–974.
  • R Core Team (2018). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/.
  • Ravand, H., Baghaei, P. (2016). Partial least structural equation modeling with R. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 21(11), 1–16.
  • Saito, K., Yoshimura, M. & Ogiwara, T. (2013). Pass appearance time and pass attempts by teams qualifying for the second stage of FIFA World Cup 2010 in South Africa. Football Science, 10, 65–69.
  • Sanchez, G. (2013) PLS Path Modeling with R. Trowchez Editions. Berkeley, 2013. http://www.gastonsanchez.com/PLS Path Modeling with R.pdf
  • Sanchez, G., Trinchera, L. & Russolillo, G. (2017). plspm: Tools for Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM). R package version 0.4.9. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=plspm
  • Scoulding, A., James, N. & Taylor, A. (2004). Passing in the soccer world cup 2002. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 4(2), 36–41.
  • Szwarc, A., (2007). Efficacy of successful and unsuccessful soccer teams taking part in finals of champions league. Research Yearbook, 13(2), 221–225.
  • Tenga, A., Holme, I., Ronglan, L.T. & Bahr, R. (2010). Effect of playing tactics on goal scoring in Norwegian professional soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(3), 237–244.
  • Tenga, A., Sigmundstad, E. (2011). Characteristics of goal-scoring possessions in open play: Comparing the top, in-between and bottom teams from professional soccer league. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 11(3), 545–552.
  • Wade, A. (1996). Principles of team play. Spring City: Reedswain.
Yıl 2019, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 4, 201 - 213, 15.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.628653

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Armatas, V., Yiannakos, A. & Sileloglou, P. (2007). Relationship between time and goal scoring in soccer games: Analysis of three World Cups. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 7(2), 48–58.
  • Box, G.E.P. (1976). Science and statistics. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 71(356), 791–799.
  • Burham, K.P., Anderson, D.R. (2002). Model selection and multi-model inference. Springer-Verlag, New York.
  • Carling, C., Le Gall, F., McCall, A., Nédélec, M. & Dupont, G. (2015). Squad management, injury and match performance in a professional soccer team over a championship-winning season, European Journal of Sport Science, 15(7), 573–582.
  • Castellano, J., Casamichana, D. & Lago, C. (2012). The use of match statistics that discriminate between successful and unsuccessful soccer teams. Journal of Human Kinetics, 31, 139–147.
  • Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modelling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed), Modern methods for business research, 295–358. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Chin, W. W. (2010). How to write up and report PLS analyses. In Vinzi, V. E., Chin, W. W., Henseler, J., and Wang, H. (Eds), Handbook of partial least squares: Concepts, methods and applications in marketing and related fields, 655–690. Berlin: Springer.
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Crawley, M.J. (2007). The R Book. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester.
  • Dufour, M., Phillips, J. & Ernwein, V. (2017). What makes the difference? Analysis of the 2014 World Cup. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 12(3), 616–629. doi:https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2017.123.06
  • Hoyle, R. H. (1995). The structural equation modeling approach: Basic concepts and fundamental issues. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 1-15). Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Hughes, M.D., Bartlett, R.M. (2002). The use of performance indicators in performance analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 20(10), 739–754.
  • Hughes, M.D., Churchill, S. (2004). Attacking profiles of successful and unsuccessful teams in Copa America 2001. Journal of Sport Sciences, 22(6), 505.
  • Hughes, M.D., Franks, I. (2005). Analysis of passing sequences, shots and goals in soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(5), 509–514.
  • James, N., Jones, P.D. & Mellalieu, S.D. (2004). Possession as a performance indicator in soccer as a function of successful and unsuccessful teams. Journal of Sport Sciences, 22(6), 507–508.
  • Fernandez-Navarro, J., Fraduab, L., Zubillagac, A., Forda, P.R. & McRoberta, A.P. (2016). Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(24), 2195–2204.
  • Field, A., Miles, J. & Field, Z. (2012). Discovering statistics using R. London: Sage.
  • Jones, P.D., James, N., and Mellalieu, S.D. (2004). Possession as a performance indicator in soccer. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 4, 98–102.
  • Kempe, M., Vogelbein, M., Memmert, D. & Nopp, S. (2014). Possession vs. direct play: Evaluating tactical behavior in elite soccer. International Journal of Sports Science, 4(6A), 35–41.
  • Lanham, N. (2005). The goal complete: The winning difference. Science and football V. London: Routledge.
  • Lago-Peñas, C., Dellal, A. (2010). Ball possession strategies in elite soccer according to the evolution of the match-score: the influence of situational variables. Journal of Human Kinetics, 25, 93–100.
  • Lago-Peñas, C., Martin, R. (2007). Determinants of possession of the ball in soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(9), 969–974.
  • R Core Team (2018). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/.
  • Ravand, H., Baghaei, P. (2016). Partial least structural equation modeling with R. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 21(11), 1–16.
  • Saito, K., Yoshimura, M. & Ogiwara, T. (2013). Pass appearance time and pass attempts by teams qualifying for the second stage of FIFA World Cup 2010 in South Africa. Football Science, 10, 65–69.
  • Sanchez, G. (2013) PLS Path Modeling with R. Trowchez Editions. Berkeley, 2013. http://www.gastonsanchez.com/PLS Path Modeling with R.pdf
  • Sanchez, G., Trinchera, L. & Russolillo, G. (2017). plspm: Tools for Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM). R package version 0.4.9. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=plspm
  • Scoulding, A., James, N. & Taylor, A. (2004). Passing in the soccer world cup 2002. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 4(2), 36–41.
  • Szwarc, A., (2007). Efficacy of successful and unsuccessful soccer teams taking part in finals of champions league. Research Yearbook, 13(2), 221–225.
  • Tenga, A., Holme, I., Ronglan, L.T. & Bahr, R. (2010). Effect of playing tactics on goal scoring in Norwegian professional soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(3), 237–244.
  • Tenga, A., Sigmundstad, E. (2011). Characteristics of goal-scoring possessions in open play: Comparing the top, in-between and bottom teams from professional soccer league. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 11(3), 545–552.
  • Wade, A. (1996). Principles of team play. Spring City: Reedswain.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm SPOR BİLİŞİM TEKNOLOJİLERİ BİLİMLERİ
Yazarlar

Mehmet Türegün 0000-0001-8264-6996

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Aralık 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Ekim 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Türegün, M. (2019). Partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis of team success using R. International Journal of Sport Exercise and Training Sciences - IJSETS, 5(4), 201-213. https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.628653