This research includes the use of ultrasonography imaging method in determining the structural and physiological parameters of skeletal muscle that may directly affect performance in the field of sports sciences and its relationship with athletic performance. When exercise physiology-based studies in sports sciences are examined, it is known that there are many mechanisms that directly affect performance. By determining the micro and macro scale factors that can directly affect the performance output, correct strategic planning can be made in terms of current situation determination and development process. In the measurement and evaluation process, technological equipment adequacy directly affects the quality of the research. Detailed imaging methods are needed to create the problem question and to elaborate the parameters to be examined. At this point, the use of high-end technological imaging devices in terms of the human musculoskeletal system will contribute to the understanding of possible mechanisms.
Abe, T., Kumagai, K., Brechue, W.F. (2000). Fascicle length of leg muscles is greater in sprinters than distance runners. Med Sci Sport Exer.: 32(6): 1125-9.
Abe, T., Fukashiro, S., Harada, Y., Kawamoto, K. (2001). Relationship between sprint performance and muscle fascicle length in female sprinters. J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci.: 20(2): 141-7.
Bartolomei, S., Rovai, C., Lanzoni, I. M., & di Michele, R. (2022). Relationships between muscle architecture, deadlift performance, and maximal isometric force produced at the midthigh and midshin pull in resistance-trained individuals. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research: 36(2), 299-303.
Blazevich, A. J., Cannavan, D., Coleman, D.R., & Horne, S. (2007). Influence of concentric and eccentric resistance training on architectural adaptation in human quadriceps muscles. Journal of Applied Physiology.
Krema, M.D., Yamada, A.F., Guermazi, A., Roemer, A.F., Skaf, A.Y. (2015). Imaging Techniques for Muscle Injury in Sports Medicine and Clinical Relevance. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med.; 8(2): 154–161.
De Boer, M.D., Seynnes, O.R., Di Prampero, P.E., Pisot, R., Mekjavic, I.B., Biolo, G., & Narici, M.V. (2008). Effect of 5 weeks horizontal bed rest on human muscle thickness and architecture of weight bearing and non-weight bearing muscles. Eur J Appl Physiol.: 104: 401–7.
Duclay, J., Martin, A., Duclay, A., Cometti, G., & Pousson, M. (2009). Behavior of fascicles and the myotendinous junction of human medial gastrocnemius following eccentric strength training. Muscle & Nerve. Official Journal of the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine: 39(6), 819-827.
Draghi, F., Zacchino, M., Canepari, M., Nucci, P., Alessandrino, F. (2013). Muscle Injuries: Ultrasound Evaluation in the Acute Phase. Journal of Ultrasound: 16:209–214 DOI 10.1007/S40477-013-0019-8.
Earp, J.E., Kraemer, W.J., Newton, R.U., Comstock, B.A., Fragala, M.S., Dunn-Lewis, C., Denegar, C.R. (2010). Lower-body muscle structure and its role in jump performance during squat, countermovement, and depth drop jumps. J Strength Cond Res.: 24(3): 722-9.
Franchi, M.V., Atherton, P.J., Reeves, N.D., Flück, M., Williams, J., Mitchell, W.K., ... & Narici, M. V. (2014). Architectural, functional and molecular responses to concentric and eccentric loading in human skeletal muscle. Acta Physiologica: 210(3), 642-654.
Hasçelik, Z. (2007). “Spor Yaralanmaları Ve Önlenmesi”, Http://Hastarehberi.Com/ Article_Read. Asp?İd=2159 Erişim: 10.02.2014.
Kawakami, Y., Ichinose, Y., Kubo, K., Ito, M., Imai, M., Fukunaga, T. (2000). Architecture of contracting human muscles and its functional significance. J Appl Biomech: 16: 88–98.
Kozaci, N., Ay, M.O., Akcimen, M., Turhan, G., Şaşmaz, İ., Turhan, S., & Çelik, A. (2014). Evaluation of The Effectiveness of Bedside Point Of-Care Ultrasound in The Diagnosis and Management of Distal Radius Fractures. Am J Emerg Med. 2015 Jan;33(1):67-71. Doi: 10.1016/J.Ajem.2014.10.022.
Kozaci, N., Ay, M.O., Avci, M., Beydilli İ, Turhan, S., Dönertaş, E., & Ağrı, E. (2017). The Comparison of Radiography and Point-Of-Care Ultrasonography in The Diagnosis and Management of Metatarsal Fractures. Injury., 48(2):542-547.
Lee, J.C., Mitchell, A.W.M., Healy, J.C. (2012). Imaging of muscle injury in the elite athlete. Br J Radiol.: 85(1016):1173-85.
Lieber, R. L., & Fridén, J. (2001). Clinical significance of skeletal muscle architecture. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research: 383, 140-151.
Lieber, R.L. (2010). Skeletal Muscle, Structure, Function and Plasticity: The Physiological Basis of Rehabilitation. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Maffulli, N., Del Buono, A., Oliva, F., Via, A.G., Frizziero, A..................., Valent A. (2015). Muscle Injuries: A Brief Guide to Classification and Management. Transl Med Unisa.: 12: 14–18.
Moreau, N.G., Teefey, S.A., Damiano, D.L. (2009). In vivo muscle architecture and size of the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol.: 51(10): 800-6.
Nadzalan, A.M., Mohamad, N.I., Lee, J.L.F., & Chinnasee, C. (2018). Relationship between muscle architecture and badminton-specific physical abilities. Human Movement: 19(1), 44-50.
Orlandi, D., Corazza, A., Arcidiacono, A., Messina, C., Serafini G., Sconfienza, L.M., Silvestri, E. (2016). Ultrasound-Guided Procedures to Treat Sport-Related Muscle Injuries. Br J Radiol.: 89(1057):20150484.
Petersen, J., Thorborg, K., Nielsen, M. B., Skjødt, T., Bolvig, L., Bang, N., & Hölmich, P. (2014). The diagnostic and prognostic value of ultrasonography in soccer players with acute hamstring injuries. The American journal of sports medicine: 42(2), 399-404.
Potier, T. G., Alexander, C. M., & Seynnes, O. R. (2009). Effects of eccentric strength training on biceps femoris muscle architecture and knee joint range of movement. European journal of applied physiology: 105(6), 939-944.
Presland, J. D., Timmins, R. G., Bourne, M. N., Williams, M. D., & Opar, D. A. (2018). The effect of Nordic hamstring exercise training volume on biceps femoris long head architectural adaptation. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 28(7), 1775-1783.
Raj, I. S., Bird, S. R., & Shield, A. J. (2017). Ultrasound measurements of skeletal muscle architecture are associated with strength and functional capacity in older adults. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology: 43(3), 586-594.
Secomb, J. L., Lundgren, L. E., Farley, O. R., Tran, T. T., Nimphius, S., & Sheppard, J. M. (2015). Relationships between lower-body muscle structure and lower-body strength, power, and muscle-tendon complex stiffness. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research: 29(8), 2221-2228.
Simpson, C.L., Kim, B.D.H., Bourcet, M.R., Jones, G.R., Jakobi, J.M. (2017). Stretch training induces unequal adaptation in muscle fascicles and thickness in medial and lateral gastrocnemii. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports.: 27(12):1597-604.
Shah, F., Patel, H., Shah, D., Turakhia, S., Gandhi, N., Darji, P. (2015). Study Of 90 Cases of Pathology Involving Muscle and Tendon by Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. BJR: 2(4): 107-121.
Stasinaki, A. N., Zaras, N., Methenitis, S., Bogdanis, G., & Terzis, G. (2019). Rate of force development and muscle architecture after fast and slow velocity eccentric training. Sports: 7(2), 41.
Tillin, N.A., Bishop, D. (2009). Factors modulating post-activation potentiation and its effect on performance of subsequent explosive activities. Int J Sports Med.: 39(2): 147-66.
Timmins, R. G., Shield, A. J., Williams, M. D., Lorenzen, C., & Opar, D. A. (2016). Architectural adaptations of muscle to training and injury: a narrative review outlining the contributions by fascicle length, pennation angle and muscle thickness. British Journal of Sports Medicine: 50(23), 1467-1472.
Bu araştırma, spor bilimleri alanında performansı doğrudan etkileyebilecek iskelet kasına ait yapısal ve fizyolojik parametrelerin belirlenmesinde ultrasonografi görüntüleme yönteminin kullanımı ve atletik performans ile ilişkisini içermektedir. Spor bilimlerinde egzersiz fizyolojisi temelli araştırmalar incelendiğinde, performansı doğrudan etkileyen pek çok mekanizma olduğu bilinmektedir. Performans çıktısını doğrudan etkileyebilecek mikro ve makro ölçekli faktörlerin belirlenmesi ile mevcut durum tespiti ve gelişim süreci açısından doğru stratejik planlama yapılabilir. Ölçme ve değerlendirme sürecinde teknolojik ekipman yeterliliği araştırmanın niteliğini doğrudan etkilemektedir. Kas iskelet sistemine ait problem sorusunun detaylı olarak incelenebilmesi için ayrıntılı görüntüleme yöntemlerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu noktada, insan kas iskelet sistemi açısından üst düzey teknolojik görüntüleme cihazlarının kullanılması, muhtemel mekanizmaların anlaşılabilmesine katkı sağlayabilir.
Abe, T., Kumagai, K., Brechue, W.F. (2000). Fascicle length of leg muscles is greater in sprinters than distance runners. Med Sci Sport Exer.: 32(6): 1125-9.
Abe, T., Fukashiro, S., Harada, Y., Kawamoto, K. (2001). Relationship between sprint performance and muscle fascicle length in female sprinters. J Physiol Anthropol Appl Human Sci.: 20(2): 141-7.
Bartolomei, S., Rovai, C., Lanzoni, I. M., & di Michele, R. (2022). Relationships between muscle architecture, deadlift performance, and maximal isometric force produced at the midthigh and midshin pull in resistance-trained individuals. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research: 36(2), 299-303.
Blazevich, A. J., Cannavan, D., Coleman, D.R., & Horne, S. (2007). Influence of concentric and eccentric resistance training on architectural adaptation in human quadriceps muscles. Journal of Applied Physiology.
Krema, M.D., Yamada, A.F., Guermazi, A., Roemer, A.F., Skaf, A.Y. (2015). Imaging Techniques for Muscle Injury in Sports Medicine and Clinical Relevance. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med.; 8(2): 154–161.
De Boer, M.D., Seynnes, O.R., Di Prampero, P.E., Pisot, R., Mekjavic, I.B., Biolo, G., & Narici, M.V. (2008). Effect of 5 weeks horizontal bed rest on human muscle thickness and architecture of weight bearing and non-weight bearing muscles. Eur J Appl Physiol.: 104: 401–7.
Duclay, J., Martin, A., Duclay, A., Cometti, G., & Pousson, M. (2009). Behavior of fascicles and the myotendinous junction of human medial gastrocnemius following eccentric strength training. Muscle & Nerve. Official Journal of the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine: 39(6), 819-827.
Draghi, F., Zacchino, M., Canepari, M., Nucci, P., Alessandrino, F. (2013). Muscle Injuries: Ultrasound Evaluation in the Acute Phase. Journal of Ultrasound: 16:209–214 DOI 10.1007/S40477-013-0019-8.
Earp, J.E., Kraemer, W.J., Newton, R.U., Comstock, B.A., Fragala, M.S., Dunn-Lewis, C., Denegar, C.R. (2010). Lower-body muscle structure and its role in jump performance during squat, countermovement, and depth drop jumps. J Strength Cond Res.: 24(3): 722-9.
Franchi, M.V., Atherton, P.J., Reeves, N.D., Flück, M., Williams, J., Mitchell, W.K., ... & Narici, M. V. (2014). Architectural, functional and molecular responses to concentric and eccentric loading in human skeletal muscle. Acta Physiologica: 210(3), 642-654.
Hasçelik, Z. (2007). “Spor Yaralanmaları Ve Önlenmesi”, Http://Hastarehberi.Com/ Article_Read. Asp?İd=2159 Erişim: 10.02.2014.
Kawakami, Y., Ichinose, Y., Kubo, K., Ito, M., Imai, M., Fukunaga, T. (2000). Architecture of contracting human muscles and its functional significance. J Appl Biomech: 16: 88–98.
Kozaci, N., Ay, M.O., Akcimen, M., Turhan, G., Şaşmaz, İ., Turhan, S., & Çelik, A. (2014). Evaluation of The Effectiveness of Bedside Point Of-Care Ultrasound in The Diagnosis and Management of Distal Radius Fractures. Am J Emerg Med. 2015 Jan;33(1):67-71. Doi: 10.1016/J.Ajem.2014.10.022.
Kozaci, N., Ay, M.O., Avci, M., Beydilli İ, Turhan, S., Dönertaş, E., & Ağrı, E. (2017). The Comparison of Radiography and Point-Of-Care Ultrasonography in The Diagnosis and Management of Metatarsal Fractures. Injury., 48(2):542-547.
Lee, J.C., Mitchell, A.W.M., Healy, J.C. (2012). Imaging of muscle injury in the elite athlete. Br J Radiol.: 85(1016):1173-85.
Lieber, R. L., & Fridén, J. (2001). Clinical significance of skeletal muscle architecture. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research: 383, 140-151.
Lieber, R.L. (2010). Skeletal Muscle, Structure, Function and Plasticity: The Physiological Basis of Rehabilitation. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Maffulli, N., Del Buono, A., Oliva, F., Via, A.G., Frizziero, A..................., Valent A. (2015). Muscle Injuries: A Brief Guide to Classification and Management. Transl Med Unisa.: 12: 14–18.
Moreau, N.G., Teefey, S.A., Damiano, D.L. (2009). In vivo muscle architecture and size of the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol.: 51(10): 800-6.
Nadzalan, A.M., Mohamad, N.I., Lee, J.L.F., & Chinnasee, C. (2018). Relationship between muscle architecture and badminton-specific physical abilities. Human Movement: 19(1), 44-50.
Orlandi, D., Corazza, A., Arcidiacono, A., Messina, C., Serafini G., Sconfienza, L.M., Silvestri, E. (2016). Ultrasound-Guided Procedures to Treat Sport-Related Muscle Injuries. Br J Radiol.: 89(1057):20150484.
Petersen, J., Thorborg, K., Nielsen, M. B., Skjødt, T., Bolvig, L., Bang, N., & Hölmich, P. (2014). The diagnostic and prognostic value of ultrasonography in soccer players with acute hamstring injuries. The American journal of sports medicine: 42(2), 399-404.
Potier, T. G., Alexander, C. M., & Seynnes, O. R. (2009). Effects of eccentric strength training on biceps femoris muscle architecture and knee joint range of movement. European journal of applied physiology: 105(6), 939-944.
Presland, J. D., Timmins, R. G., Bourne, M. N., Williams, M. D., & Opar, D. A. (2018). The effect of Nordic hamstring exercise training volume on biceps femoris long head architectural adaptation. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 28(7), 1775-1783.
Raj, I. S., Bird, S. R., & Shield, A. J. (2017). Ultrasound measurements of skeletal muscle architecture are associated with strength and functional capacity in older adults. Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology: 43(3), 586-594.
Secomb, J. L., Lundgren, L. E., Farley, O. R., Tran, T. T., Nimphius, S., & Sheppard, J. M. (2015). Relationships between lower-body muscle structure and lower-body strength, power, and muscle-tendon complex stiffness. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research: 29(8), 2221-2228.
Simpson, C.L., Kim, B.D.H., Bourcet, M.R., Jones, G.R., Jakobi, J.M. (2017). Stretch training induces unequal adaptation in muscle fascicles and thickness in medial and lateral gastrocnemii. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports.: 27(12):1597-604.
Shah, F., Patel, H., Shah, D., Turakhia, S., Gandhi, N., Darji, P. (2015). Study Of 90 Cases of Pathology Involving Muscle and Tendon by Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. BJR: 2(4): 107-121.
Stasinaki, A. N., Zaras, N., Methenitis, S., Bogdanis, G., & Terzis, G. (2019). Rate of force development and muscle architecture after fast and slow velocity eccentric training. Sports: 7(2), 41.
Tillin, N.A., Bishop, D. (2009). Factors modulating post-activation potentiation and its effect on performance of subsequent explosive activities. Int J Sports Med.: 39(2): 147-66.
Timmins, R. G., Shield, A. J., Williams, M. D., Lorenzen, C., & Opar, D. A. (2016). Architectural adaptations of muscle to training and injury: a narrative review outlining the contributions by fascicle length, pennation angle and muscle thickness. British Journal of Sports Medicine: 50(23), 1467-1472.
Er Ulubaba, H., Çınarlı, F. S., & Çiftçi, R. (2022). Spor Bilimlerinde Ultrasonografi Kullanımı. International Journal of Sport Exercise and Training Sciences - IJSETS, 8(1), 28-32. https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.1082058