Araştırma Makalesi
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Effects of 8-Week Contrast and Plyometric Training Methods on Biomotor Characteristics and Neuromuscular Adaptations in Young Male Football Players

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 84 - 97, 15.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.1320635

Öz

Aim: This study is to examine the effect of contrast and plyometric training programs on biomotor characteristics and neuromuscular factors in young male football players.
Methods: Twenty-four young male football players (age: 16,00±0,51 years; height: 177,21±5,18 cm; body mass: 66,20±6,25 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Contrast training group (KAG; n=8), plyometric training group (PAG; n=8) and control group (KG; n=8). The study was conducted using a randomized experimental design over an eigth-week period. The participants were tested pre and post to assess sprint, maximum sprint speed (MSS), arrowhead agility, jump height, elektromechanical delay (EMD), intermittent fitness test (30-15 IFT) and anaerobic speed reserve (ASR).
Results: KAG and PAG increased significantly in sprint, agility and jump parameters (p<0.05). Only KAG showed a significant increase in MSS and EMD parameters (p<0.05). Between the groups, a significant increase was observed in sprint and countermovement jump values in both CAG and PAG compared to CG. Only KAG showed a significant increase in squat jump, MSS and ASR parameters compared to KG.. In the agility test, only PAG showed a significant increase compared to KG. KG did not show a significant increase compared to any group. KAG showed a significant increase in 0-50m sprint, MSS and AHR values compared to PAG.
Conclusion: It is seen that both strength/strength training methods will be beneficial in improving the physical requirements encountered in football. When it is aimed to improve speed values, it is more useful to apply the contrast training method.

Kaynakça

  • Aloui, G., Hermassi, S., Hayes, L. D., Sanal Hayes, N. E., Bouhafs, E. G., Chelly, M. S. et al. (2021). Effects of plyometric and short sprint with change-of-direction training in male U17 soccer players. Applied Sciences, 11(11), 4767.
  • Baldi, M., Da Silva, J. F., Buzzachera, C. F., Castagna, C. & Guglielmo, L. G. (2017). Repeated sprint ability in soccer players: associations with physiological and neuromuscular factors. The Journal of Sport Medicine and Physical Fitness, 57(1-2), 26-32.
  • Blondel, N., Berthoin, S., Billat, V. & Lensel, G. (2001). Relationship between run times to exhaustion at 90, 100, 120, and 140% of vV O2max and velocity expressed relatively to critical velocity and maximal velocity. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 22(01), 27-33.
  • Brito, J., Vasconcellos, F., Oliveira, J., Krustrup, P. & Rebelo, A. (2014). Short-term performance effects of three different low-volume strength-training programmes in college male soccer players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 40, 121.
  • Brocherie, F., Millet, G. P. & Girard, O. (2015). Neuro-mechanical and metabolic adjustments to the repeated anaerobic sprint test in professional football players. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 115, 891-903.
  • Brzycki, M. (1993). Strength testing—predicting a one-rep max from reps-to-fatigue. Journal of Physical Education, 64(1), 88-90.
  • Buchheit, M. & Laursen, P. B. (2013). High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: Part I: cardiopulmonary emphasis. Sports Medicine, 43(5), 313-338.
  • Buchheit, M. & Ufland, P. (2011). Effect of endurance training on performance and muscle reoxygenation rate during repeated-sprint running. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 111, 293-301.
  • Buchheit, M., Dikmen, U. & Vassallo, C. (2021). The 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test—Two decades of learnings. Sport Performance and Science Reports, 1(148), 1-13.
  • Buchheit, M., Mendez-Villanueva, A., Delhomel, G., Brughelli, M. & Ahmaidi, S. (2010). Improving repeated sprint ability in young elite soccer players: repeated shuttle sprints vs. explosive strength training. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(10), 2715-2722.
  • Bush, M., Barnes, C., Archer, D. T., Hogg, B. & Bradley, P. S. (2015). Evolution of match performance parameters for various playing positions in the English Premier League. Human movement science, 39, 1-11.
  • Buzdağlı, Y., Eyipınar, C. D., Kalın, A., Şıktar, E. & Savaş, A. (2022). Pliometrik antrenmanın hız, çeviklik ve sıçrama performansı üzerine etkisi. Research in Sport Education and Sciences, 24 (4), 106-112.
  • Comfort, P., Stewart, A., Bloom, L. & Clarkson, B. (2014). Relationships between strength, sprint, and jump performance in well-trained youth soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(1), 173-177.
  • Conover, W. J. (1999). Practical nonparametric statistics (Vol. 350). ISBN: 978-0-471-16068-7. John Wiley and Sons.
  • Cormier, P., Freitas, T. T., Rubio-Arias, J. Á. & Alcaraz, P. E. (2020). Complex and contrast training: does strength and power training sequence affect performance-based adaptations in team sports? A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(5), 1461-1479.
  • De Hoyo, M., Gonzalo-Skok, O., Sañudo, B., Carrascal, C., Plaza-Armas, J. R., Camacho-Candil, F. et al. (2016). Comparative effects of in-season full-back squat, resisted sprint training, and plyometric training on explosive performance in U-19 elite soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(2), 368-377.
  • Djaoui, L., Chamari, K., Owen, A. L. & Dellal, A. (2017). Maximal sprinting speed of elite soccer players during training and matches. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(6), 1509-1517.
  • Dolci, F., Hart, N. H., Kilding, A. E., Chivers, P., Piggott, B. & Spiteri, T. (2020). Physical and energetic demand of soccer: a brief review. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 42(3), 70-77.
  • Faude, O., Koch, T. & Meyer, T. (2012). Straight sprinting is the most frequent action in goal situations in professional football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(7), 625-631.
  • Faude, O., Roth, R., Di Giovine, D., Zahner, L. & Donath, L. (2013). Combined strength and power training in high-level amateur football during the competitive season: a randomised-controlled trial. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(13), 1460-1467.
  • García-Pinillos, F., Martínez-Amat, A., Hita-Contreras, F., Martínez-López, E. J. & Latorre-Román, P. A. (2014). Effects of a contrast training program without external load on vertical jump, kicking speed, sprint, and agility of young soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(9), 2452-2460.
  • Hammami, M., Gaamouri, N., Shephard, R. J. ve Chelly, M. S. (2019). Effects of contrast strength vs. plyometric training on lower-limb explosive performance, ability to change direction and neuromuscular adaptation in soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(8), 2094-2103.
  • Kobal, R., Loturco, I., Barroso, R., Gil, S., Cuniyochi, R., Ugrinowitsch, C. & Tricoli, V. (2017). Effects of different combinations of strength, power, and plyometric training on the physical performance of elite young soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(6), 1468-1476.
  • Maixnerová, E., Svoboda, Z., Gonosová, Z., Zaatar, A., Hůlka, K. & Lehnert, M. (2019). The reliability of electromechanical delay during squat jump. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 19(1), 527-530.
  • Markovic, G., Jukic, I., Milanovic, D. & Metikos, D. (2007). Effects of sprint and plyometric training on muscle function and athletic performance. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(2), 543-549.
  • Mazıcıoğlu, M. M. (2011). Büyüme gelişme izleminde kullanılan antropometrik ölçüm yöntemleri: Büyüme takibinin metodolojisi. Türkiye Aile Hekimliği Dergisi, 15(3), 101-108.
  • McKinlay, B. J., Wallace, P., Dotan, R., Long, D., Tokuno, C., Gabriel, D. A. & Falk, B. (2018). Effects of plyometric and resistance training on muscle strength, explosiveness, and neuromuscular function in young adolescent soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(11), 3039-3050.
  • Mendez-Villanueva, A., Hamer, P. & Bishop, D. (2008). Fatigue in repeated-sprint exercise is related to muscle power factors and reduced neuromuscular activity. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 103, 411-419.
  • Ortiz, J. G., Teixeira, A. S., Mohr, P. A., Salvador, P. C. D. N., Cetolin, T., Guglielmo, L. G. A. & De Lucas, R. D. (2018). The anaerobic speed reserve of high-level soccer players: a comparison based on the running speed profile among and within playing positions. Human Movement Special Issues, 2018(5), 65-72.
  • Pagaduan, J., Schoenfeld, B. J. & Pojskic, H. (2019). Systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of contrast training on vertical jump performance. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 41(3), 63-78.
  • Ramírez-Campillo, R., Gallardo, F., Henriquez-Olguín, C., Meylan, C. M., Martínez, C., Álvarez, C. & Izquierdo, M. (2015). Effect of vertical, horizontal, and combined plyometric training on explosive, balance, and endurance performance of young soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(7), 1784-1795.
  • Sáez de Villarreal, E., Suarez-Arrones, L., Requena, B., Haff, G. G. & Ferrete, C. (2015). Effects of Plyometric and Sprint Training on Physical and Technical Skill Performance in Adolescent Soccer Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(7), 1894–1903.
  • Sandford, G. N., Allen, S. V., Kilding, A. E., Ross, A. & Laursen, P. B. (2019a). Anaerobic speed reserve: a key component of elite male 800-m running. International journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 14(4), 501-508.
  • Sandford, G. N., Kilding, A. E., Ross, A. & Laursen, P. B. (2019b). Maximal sprint speed and the anaerobic speed reserve domain: the untapped tools that differentiate the world’s best male 800 m runners. Sports Medicine, 49, 843-852.
  • Sandford, G. N., Laursen, P. B. & Buchheit, M. (2021). Anaerobic speed/power reserve and sport performance: scientific basis, current applications and future directions. Sports Medicine, 51(10), 2017-2028.
  • Selmi, M. A., Al-Haddabi, B., Yahmed, M. H. & Sassi, R. H. (2020). Does maturity status affect the relationship between anaerobic speed reserve and multiple sprint sets performance in young soccer players?. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(12), 3600-3606.
  • Silva, A. F., Alvurdu, S., Akyildiz, Z. & Clemente, F. M. (2022). Relationships of final velocity at 30-15 intermittent fitness test and anaerobic speed reserve with body composition, sprinting, change-of-direction and vertical jumping performances: a cross-sectional study in youth soccer players. Biology, 11(2), 197.
  • Spineti, J., Figueiredo, T., Willardson, J., Bastos de Oliveira, V., Assis, M., Fernandes de Oliveira, L. & Simão, R. (2018). Comparison between traditional strength training and complex contrast training on soccer players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 59(1), 42-49.
  • Stegeman, D. & Hermens, H. (2007). Standards for surface electromyography: The European project Surface EMG for non-invasive assessment of muscles (SENIAM). Enschede: Roessingh Research and Development, 10, 8-12.
  • Stølen, T., Chamari, K., Castagna, C. & Wisløff, U. (2005). Physiology of soccer: an update. Sports Medicine, 35, 501-536.
  • Tillin, N. A. & Bishop, D. (2009). Factors modulating post-activation potentiation and its effect on performance of subsequent explosive activities. Sports Medicine, 39, 147-166.
  • Turner, A. N. & Stewart, P. F. (2014). Strength and conditioning for soccer players. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 36(4), 1-13
  • Wu, Y. K., Lien, Y. H., Lin, K. H., Shih, T. F., Wang, T. G. & Wang, H. K. (2010). Relationships between three potentiation effects of plyometric training and performance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 20(1), e80-e86.

Genç Erkek Futbolcularda 8 Haftalık Kontrast ve Pliometrik Antrenman Yöntemlerinin Biyomotor Özellikler ve Nöromüsküler Faktörlere Etkisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 84 - 97, 15.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.1320635

Öz

Amaç: Genç erkek futbolculara uygulanan kontrast ve pliometrik antrenman programlarının biyomotor özellikler ve nöromüsküler faktörler üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini 24 genç erkek futbolcu (yaş: 16,00±0,51 yıl; boy: 177,21±5,18; kilo: 66,20±6,25) oluşturmuştur. Katılımcılar rastgele olarak kontrast antrenman grubu (KAG; n=8), pliometrik antrenman grubu (PAG; n=8) ve kontrol grubu (KG; n=8) olmak üzere 3 ayrı gruba ayrılmıştır. KAG ve PAG 8 hafta boyunca futbol antrenmanlarına ek olarak haftada iki gün kuvvet ve güç antrenmanları uygulamıştır. KG yalnızca futbol antrenmanlarını sürdürmüştür. Ön test ve son test deneysel yöntem kullanılan çalışmada deney ve kontrol grubunun antrenmanlar sonunda sürat, maksimum sprint hızı (MSH), arrowhead çeviklik, sıçrama yüksekliği, elektromekanik gecikme (EMKG), dayanıklılık testi (30-15 IFT) ve anaerobik hız rezervi (AHR) üzerine etkileri karşılaştırılmıştır.
Bulgular: Grupların ön test ve son testleri arasındaki farklar değerleri incelendiğinde KAG; sürat, maksimum sprint hızı, çeviklik, sıçrama, EMKG, 30-15 IFT ve AHR değerleri anlamlı olarak artmıştır (p<0,05). PAG; sürat, çeviklik, sıçrama, 30-15 IFT değerleri anlamlı olarak artmıştır (p<0,05). KG; sürat, çeviklik, sıçrama, EMKG değerleri anlamlı olarak artmıştır (p<0,05). Gruplar arasındaki artışlar karşılaştırıldığında KAG; sürat, maksimum sprint hızı, sıçrama ve AHR değerlerinde KG’ye göre anlamlı olarak gelişmiştir (p<0,05). PAG; 0-40m, 0-50m, AHSĞ, AS değerleri KG’ye göre anlamlı olarak artış göstermiştir (p<0,05). KG hiçbir gruba göre anlamlı artış göstermemiştir. Deney grupları arasındaki farklar incelendiğinde KAG; sürat, maksimum sprint hızı ve AHR değerlerinde PAG’ye göre anlamlı bir artış göstermiştir (p<0,05).
Sonuç: Her iki antrenman yönteminin de gelişimsel olarak faydalı olabileceği söylenebilir. Sürat değerlerinin geliştirilmesi amaçlandığında kontrast antrenman yönteminin uygulanması daha faydalı olmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Aloui, G., Hermassi, S., Hayes, L. D., Sanal Hayes, N. E., Bouhafs, E. G., Chelly, M. S. et al. (2021). Effects of plyometric and short sprint with change-of-direction training in male U17 soccer players. Applied Sciences, 11(11), 4767.
  • Baldi, M., Da Silva, J. F., Buzzachera, C. F., Castagna, C. & Guglielmo, L. G. (2017). Repeated sprint ability in soccer players: associations with physiological and neuromuscular factors. The Journal of Sport Medicine and Physical Fitness, 57(1-2), 26-32.
  • Blondel, N., Berthoin, S., Billat, V. & Lensel, G. (2001). Relationship between run times to exhaustion at 90, 100, 120, and 140% of vV O2max and velocity expressed relatively to critical velocity and maximal velocity. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 22(01), 27-33.
  • Brito, J., Vasconcellos, F., Oliveira, J., Krustrup, P. & Rebelo, A. (2014). Short-term performance effects of three different low-volume strength-training programmes in college male soccer players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 40, 121.
  • Brocherie, F., Millet, G. P. & Girard, O. (2015). Neuro-mechanical and metabolic adjustments to the repeated anaerobic sprint test in professional football players. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 115, 891-903.
  • Brzycki, M. (1993). Strength testing—predicting a one-rep max from reps-to-fatigue. Journal of Physical Education, 64(1), 88-90.
  • Buchheit, M. & Laursen, P. B. (2013). High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: Part I: cardiopulmonary emphasis. Sports Medicine, 43(5), 313-338.
  • Buchheit, M. & Ufland, P. (2011). Effect of endurance training on performance and muscle reoxygenation rate during repeated-sprint running. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 111, 293-301.
  • Buchheit, M., Dikmen, U. & Vassallo, C. (2021). The 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test—Two decades of learnings. Sport Performance and Science Reports, 1(148), 1-13.
  • Buchheit, M., Mendez-Villanueva, A., Delhomel, G., Brughelli, M. & Ahmaidi, S. (2010). Improving repeated sprint ability in young elite soccer players: repeated shuttle sprints vs. explosive strength training. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(10), 2715-2722.
  • Bush, M., Barnes, C., Archer, D. T., Hogg, B. & Bradley, P. S. (2015). Evolution of match performance parameters for various playing positions in the English Premier League. Human movement science, 39, 1-11.
  • Buzdağlı, Y., Eyipınar, C. D., Kalın, A., Şıktar, E. & Savaş, A. (2022). Pliometrik antrenmanın hız, çeviklik ve sıçrama performansı üzerine etkisi. Research in Sport Education and Sciences, 24 (4), 106-112.
  • Comfort, P., Stewart, A., Bloom, L. & Clarkson, B. (2014). Relationships between strength, sprint, and jump performance in well-trained youth soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(1), 173-177.
  • Conover, W. J. (1999). Practical nonparametric statistics (Vol. 350). ISBN: 978-0-471-16068-7. John Wiley and Sons.
  • Cormier, P., Freitas, T. T., Rubio-Arias, J. Á. & Alcaraz, P. E. (2020). Complex and contrast training: does strength and power training sequence affect performance-based adaptations in team sports? A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(5), 1461-1479.
  • De Hoyo, M., Gonzalo-Skok, O., Sañudo, B., Carrascal, C., Plaza-Armas, J. R., Camacho-Candil, F. et al. (2016). Comparative effects of in-season full-back squat, resisted sprint training, and plyometric training on explosive performance in U-19 elite soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(2), 368-377.
  • Djaoui, L., Chamari, K., Owen, A. L. & Dellal, A. (2017). Maximal sprinting speed of elite soccer players during training and matches. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(6), 1509-1517.
  • Dolci, F., Hart, N. H., Kilding, A. E., Chivers, P., Piggott, B. & Spiteri, T. (2020). Physical and energetic demand of soccer: a brief review. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 42(3), 70-77.
  • Faude, O., Koch, T. & Meyer, T. (2012). Straight sprinting is the most frequent action in goal situations in professional football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(7), 625-631.
  • Faude, O., Roth, R., Di Giovine, D., Zahner, L. & Donath, L. (2013). Combined strength and power training in high-level amateur football during the competitive season: a randomised-controlled trial. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(13), 1460-1467.
  • García-Pinillos, F., Martínez-Amat, A., Hita-Contreras, F., Martínez-López, E. J. & Latorre-Román, P. A. (2014). Effects of a contrast training program without external load on vertical jump, kicking speed, sprint, and agility of young soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(9), 2452-2460.
  • Hammami, M., Gaamouri, N., Shephard, R. J. ve Chelly, M. S. (2019). Effects of contrast strength vs. plyometric training on lower-limb explosive performance, ability to change direction and neuromuscular adaptation in soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(8), 2094-2103.
  • Kobal, R., Loturco, I., Barroso, R., Gil, S., Cuniyochi, R., Ugrinowitsch, C. & Tricoli, V. (2017). Effects of different combinations of strength, power, and plyometric training on the physical performance of elite young soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(6), 1468-1476.
  • Maixnerová, E., Svoboda, Z., Gonosová, Z., Zaatar, A., Hůlka, K. & Lehnert, M. (2019). The reliability of electromechanical delay during squat jump. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 19(1), 527-530.
  • Markovic, G., Jukic, I., Milanovic, D. & Metikos, D. (2007). Effects of sprint and plyometric training on muscle function and athletic performance. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(2), 543-549.
  • Mazıcıoğlu, M. M. (2011). Büyüme gelişme izleminde kullanılan antropometrik ölçüm yöntemleri: Büyüme takibinin metodolojisi. Türkiye Aile Hekimliği Dergisi, 15(3), 101-108.
  • McKinlay, B. J., Wallace, P., Dotan, R., Long, D., Tokuno, C., Gabriel, D. A. & Falk, B. (2018). Effects of plyometric and resistance training on muscle strength, explosiveness, and neuromuscular function in young adolescent soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(11), 3039-3050.
  • Mendez-Villanueva, A., Hamer, P. & Bishop, D. (2008). Fatigue in repeated-sprint exercise is related to muscle power factors and reduced neuromuscular activity. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 103, 411-419.
  • Ortiz, J. G., Teixeira, A. S., Mohr, P. A., Salvador, P. C. D. N., Cetolin, T., Guglielmo, L. G. A. & De Lucas, R. D. (2018). The anaerobic speed reserve of high-level soccer players: a comparison based on the running speed profile among and within playing positions. Human Movement Special Issues, 2018(5), 65-72.
  • Pagaduan, J., Schoenfeld, B. J. & Pojskic, H. (2019). Systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of contrast training on vertical jump performance. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 41(3), 63-78.
  • Ramírez-Campillo, R., Gallardo, F., Henriquez-Olguín, C., Meylan, C. M., Martínez, C., Álvarez, C. & Izquierdo, M. (2015). Effect of vertical, horizontal, and combined plyometric training on explosive, balance, and endurance performance of young soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(7), 1784-1795.
  • Sáez de Villarreal, E., Suarez-Arrones, L., Requena, B., Haff, G. G. & Ferrete, C. (2015). Effects of Plyometric and Sprint Training on Physical and Technical Skill Performance in Adolescent Soccer Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(7), 1894–1903.
  • Sandford, G. N., Allen, S. V., Kilding, A. E., Ross, A. & Laursen, P. B. (2019a). Anaerobic speed reserve: a key component of elite male 800-m running. International journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 14(4), 501-508.
  • Sandford, G. N., Kilding, A. E., Ross, A. & Laursen, P. B. (2019b). Maximal sprint speed and the anaerobic speed reserve domain: the untapped tools that differentiate the world’s best male 800 m runners. Sports Medicine, 49, 843-852.
  • Sandford, G. N., Laursen, P. B. & Buchheit, M. (2021). Anaerobic speed/power reserve and sport performance: scientific basis, current applications and future directions. Sports Medicine, 51(10), 2017-2028.
  • Selmi, M. A., Al-Haddabi, B., Yahmed, M. H. & Sassi, R. H. (2020). Does maturity status affect the relationship between anaerobic speed reserve and multiple sprint sets performance in young soccer players?. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(12), 3600-3606.
  • Silva, A. F., Alvurdu, S., Akyildiz, Z. & Clemente, F. M. (2022). Relationships of final velocity at 30-15 intermittent fitness test and anaerobic speed reserve with body composition, sprinting, change-of-direction and vertical jumping performances: a cross-sectional study in youth soccer players. Biology, 11(2), 197.
  • Spineti, J., Figueiredo, T., Willardson, J., Bastos de Oliveira, V., Assis, M., Fernandes de Oliveira, L. & Simão, R. (2018). Comparison between traditional strength training and complex contrast training on soccer players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 59(1), 42-49.
  • Stegeman, D. & Hermens, H. (2007). Standards for surface electromyography: The European project Surface EMG for non-invasive assessment of muscles (SENIAM). Enschede: Roessingh Research and Development, 10, 8-12.
  • Stølen, T., Chamari, K., Castagna, C. & Wisløff, U. (2005). Physiology of soccer: an update. Sports Medicine, 35, 501-536.
  • Tillin, N. A. & Bishop, D. (2009). Factors modulating post-activation potentiation and its effect on performance of subsequent explosive activities. Sports Medicine, 39, 147-166.
  • Turner, A. N. & Stewart, P. F. (2014). Strength and conditioning for soccer players. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 36(4), 1-13
  • Wu, Y. K., Lien, Y. H., Lin, K. H., Shih, T. F., Wang, T. G. & Wang, H. K. (2010). Relationships between three potentiation effects of plyometric training and performance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 20(1), e80-e86.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Antrenman, Fiziksel Uygunluk
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mehmet Berk Uzunhasan 0000-0001-6479-1153

Ali Kızılet 0000-0003-2253-521X

Elif Sibel Atış Tekeli Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-1326-7946

Tuba Kızılet 0000-0002-4460-2551

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 5 Haziran 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Uzunhasan, M. B., Kızılet, A., Atış Tekeli, E. S., Kızılet, T. (2024). Genç Erkek Futbolcularda 8 Haftalık Kontrast ve Pliometrik Antrenman Yöntemlerinin Biyomotor Özellikler ve Nöromüsküler Faktörlere Etkisi. International Journal of Sport Exercise and Training Sciences - IJSETS, 10(2), 84-97. https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.1320635