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ISRAEL'S SECURITY POLICIES IN THE SYRIAN CRISIS: THREATS AND OPPORTUNITIES

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 92 - 105, 28.10.2022

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Al-Monitor. (2022, Mayıs 2). Gantz Says Israel Still Coordinates with Russia on Syria. https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/05/gantz-says-israel-still-coordinates-russia-syria#ixzz7bkionc8e.
  • Bağ, M. (2020, Ocak 28). İşgal altındaki Golan Tepeleri neden önemli? Nerede ve kimler yaşıyor?. Euronews. https://tr.euronews.com/2020/01/28/isgal-altindaki-golan-tepeleri-neden-onemli-nerede-ve-kimler-yasiyor.
  • BBC. (2013, Ağustos 30). Syria Chemical Weapons Attack Killed 1,429, Says John Kerry. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-23906913.
  • BBC. (2014, Ocak 30). Syria Chemical Attack: Key UN Findings. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-24130181.
  • BBC. (2022, Mart 15). Why has the Syrian war lasted 11 years? https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35806229.
  • Bowen, J. (2013, Eylül 18). Kimyasal silah anlaşması Suriye'de iç savaşı bitirir mi?. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2013/09/130918_sam_suriye_bowen.
  • Bryc, A. (2017). War in Syria: No Good News for Israel?. Teka Komisji Politologii, 12(1), 85-95.
  • Bulut, S. (2018). Suriye Krizinin İsrail’e Yansımaları: İsrail’in ‘Kırmızı Çizgi’ Politikası ve Geçirdiği Dönüşüm. Uluslararası Tarih ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 20, 521-557.
  • Cankara, P. Ö. (2021). İsrail’in Arap Baharı’na Yaklaşımı ve Suriye İç Savaşı’na Yönelik Pozisyonu. Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17(38), 5657-5685. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.826966
  • CBC News. (2014, Mayıs 19). Syria War Death Toll Tops 160,000. https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/syria-war-death-toll-tops-160-000-1.2647285.
  • CNBC. (2013, Eylül 13). Israelis Scramble for Gas Masks as Syria Tensions Rise. https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2013/08/28/israelis-scramble-for-gas-masks-as-syria-.
  • Data UNCR. (2022, Temmuz 1). Operational Data Portal. https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/syria.
  • Eglash, R. & Sly, L. (2014, Mart 19). Israeli Warplanes Strike Syrian Military Positions in Golan Heights. The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/israeli-warplanes-strike-syrian-military-positions-in-golan-heights/2014/03/19/d3ff8de4-0604-4492-b352-34bd1ee957f9_story.html.
  • Erkmen, S. (2021, Haziran 2). “Bildiği Şeytan”dan Kırmızı Çizgilere: İsrail’in Suriye politikası. Fikir Turu. https://fikirturu.com/jeo-strateji/bildigi-seytandan-kirmizi-cizgilere-israilin-suriye-politikasi/.
  • Fitzpatrick, M. (2013). Destroying Syria’s Chemical Weapons, Survival. Global Politics and Strategy, 55(6), 107-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2013.862938
  • Kasapoğlu, C. (2014, Mayıs 28). Bireysel iletişim (e-mail).
  • Hokayem. E. (2013). Syria’s Uprising and the Fracturing of the Levant. Adelphie Series.
  • Inbar, E. (2019, Mayıs 7). Israel’s Presence on the Golan Heights: A Strategic Necessity. Tv7 Israel News. https://www.tv7israelnews.com/israels-presence-on-the-golan-heights-a-strategic-necessity/.
  • Independent. (2018, Eylül 25). Israel Warns Russia's Transfer of Advanced Missile Defence Systems to Syria Will 'Endanger' Region. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/russia-transfer-missile-defence-systems-syria-war-israel-warning-endanger-region-a8554026.html.
  • Karshner, I. (2014, Ocak 29). Despite Decades of Enmity, Israel Quietly Aids Syrian Civilians. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/30/world/middleeast/despite-decades-of-enmity-israel-quietly-aids-syrian-civilians.html.
  • Koç, M. (2020). Şeytanlaştırma Miti ve Şeytanlaşan Düşmanlar: ABD-İran. İçinde D. Ü. Arıboğan (Ed). Travmaların Gölgesinde: Politik Psikoloji (ss. 85-119). İnkılap Kitabevi.
  • Lappin, Y. (2014, Şubat 24). Amid Raging Conflict in Syria, IDF Deploys New Division to Border. The Jaruselam Post. http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Amid-raging-conflict-in-Syria-IDF-deploys-new-division-to-border-342314.
  • Laub, Z. (2017, Nisan 28). Who’s Who in Syria’s Civil War. Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/whos-who-syrias-civil-war.
  • Mearsheimer, J. (2001). The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. Norton.
  • Mehdi, S. Z. (2022, Temmuz 3). Iran vows support to Syria against Israel. Anadolu Ajansı. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/iran-vows-support-to-syria-against-israel/2629252.
  • Mohammad, S. (2018). Coalition-Building in Iran’s Foreign Policy: Understanding the ‘Axis of Resistance’. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 21(6), 716-731. https://10.1080/19448953.2018.1506295
  • Özden, A. (2022, Nisan 22). Israeli Security and Intelligence in The Context of Syrian Civil War. Foreign Policy Institute. https://foreignpolicy.org.tr/israeli-security-and-intelligence-in-the-context-of-syrian-civil-war/.
  • Raanan, O. (2013, Eylül 5). Syria’s Security Implications for Israel: A Lose-Lose Situation. Carnegie. http://carnegieendowment.org/sada/2013/09/05/syria-s-security-implications-for-israel-lose-lose-situation/gm8o.
  • Rabinovich, I. (2002, Şubat 1). Is There an Option for a New Israeli Policy Toward Syria?. The Jaruselam Strategic Tribune. https://jstribune.com/rabinovich-a-new-israeli-policy-toward-syria/.
  • Reliefweb. (2014, Mayıs 20). Entire Declared Syrian Stockpile of Isopropanol is Destroyed. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/entire-declared-syrian-stockpile-isopropanol-destroyed.
  • Salihi, E. (2022). İsrail’in Basra Körfezi Güvenliğindeki Yeni Rolü. İçinde Ö. Z. Oktav ve N. Acar (Ed). Basra Körfezi Güvenliğinin Yeni Dinamikleri (ss. 174-208). Orion Yayınevi.
  • Shadid, A. (2011, Mayıs 10). Syrian Elite to Fight Protests to ‘the End’. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/11/world/middleeast/11makhlouf.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.
  • Solingen, E. (2007). Nuclear Logics: Contrasting Paths in East Asia and the Middle. Princeton University Press.
  • The Guardian. (2012, Haziran 23). Syrian Regime Makes Chemical Warfare Threat. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/23/syria-chemical-warfare-threat-assad.
  • The Wall Street Journal. (2011, Ocak 31). Interview With Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703833204576114712441122894.
  • Thorleifsson, C. M. (2013). A Fragile Cold Peace: The Impact of the Syrian Conflict on Israeli-Syrian Relations. Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre.
  • UN Resolution 2118. (2013). Resolution 2118. http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_res_2118.pdf.
  • UNDOF. (2014). United Nations Disengagement Observer Force. https://undof.unmissions.org/croatian-contingent-leaves-undof.
  • Wilson Center. (2015, Aralık 17). The Syrian Crisis and Israeli Security Challenges. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/the-syrian-crisis-and-israeli-security-challenges.
  • Yaalon, M. (2013, Haziran 13). Israel’s Security Policy in a Changing Middle East. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/israels-security-policy-in-a-changing-middle-east.
  • Zisser, E. (2013). The Crisis in Syria: Threats and Opportunities for Israel. İçinde A. Kurz ve S. Brom (Ed). Strategic Survey for Israel 2012-2013 (ss.167-185). Institute for National Security Studies.
  • Zitun, Y. (2013, Ağustos 9). Ya'alon: Inaction on Syria Also Has Consequences. Ynetnwes. http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4427267,00.html.
  • Zvulun, R. (2022, Haziran 27). Israel Says Russians Fired at Its Jets over Syria in May in "one-off". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-says-russians-fired-its-jets-over-syria-may-one-off-2022-07-26/.

SURİYE KRİZİNDE İSRAİL’İN GÜVENLİK POLİTİKALARI: TEHDİTLER VE FIRSATLAR

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 92 - 105, 28.10.2022

Öz

İsrail, iç ve dış politikası ekseriyetle güvenlik politikaları çerçevesinde şekillenen ülkelerden biridir. Kurulduğu yıldan bu yana da İsrail’in güvenliğini tehdit eden ülkelerden biri de Suriye Devletidir. Tarafların geçmişte yaşadığı savaşlar ve liderlerin birbirlerine karşı geliştirdikleri saldırgan retorik bu olgunun bir göstergesidir. Suriye iç politikasında, Arap Ayaklanmaları sonrası yeni güç dengeleri ve aktörler ön plana çıkmıştır. Bu durum, İsrail’in Suriye politikasında yeni parametreler sorunsalını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Çalışmada, Suriye’deki gelişmelerin İsrail güvenlik politikalarına etkisi sorusu ön planda tutulmuştur. Küresel aktörlerin, Şam yönetiminin ve devlet dışı aktörlerin Suriye’de izlediği politikaların İsrail’e etkisi çalışmada analiz edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, İsrail’in bu süreçte izlediği güvenlik politikaları da çalışmanın önemli bir boyutunu oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada, sürecin İsrail güvenlik politikalarına etkisi değerlendirilmek amacıyla konuya dair birincil ve ikincil kaynaklardan yararlanılmıştır. Buna göre çalışmada, İsrail’in Suriye’de artık sadece Şam yönetimini tehdit olarak görmediği, aktörlerin çeşitlenmesiyle algıladığı tehditlerin de çok boyutlu olduğu; buna karşın, İsrail’in tehditleri tek boyuta indirgemeden güvenliği için Suriye’de “kırmızı çizgiler” oluşturduğu ve güvenlik politikalarında fırsatlar ile tehditleri dikkate alarak politikalarını şekillendirdiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Monitor. (2022, Mayıs 2). Gantz Says Israel Still Coordinates with Russia on Syria. https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/05/gantz-says-israel-still-coordinates-russia-syria#ixzz7bkionc8e.
  • Bağ, M. (2020, Ocak 28). İşgal altındaki Golan Tepeleri neden önemli? Nerede ve kimler yaşıyor?. Euronews. https://tr.euronews.com/2020/01/28/isgal-altindaki-golan-tepeleri-neden-onemli-nerede-ve-kimler-yasiyor.
  • BBC. (2013, Ağustos 30). Syria Chemical Weapons Attack Killed 1,429, Says John Kerry. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-23906913.
  • BBC. (2014, Ocak 30). Syria Chemical Attack: Key UN Findings. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-24130181.
  • BBC. (2022, Mart 15). Why has the Syrian war lasted 11 years? https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35806229.
  • Bowen, J. (2013, Eylül 18). Kimyasal silah anlaşması Suriye'de iç savaşı bitirir mi?. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2013/09/130918_sam_suriye_bowen.
  • Bryc, A. (2017). War in Syria: No Good News for Israel?. Teka Komisji Politologii, 12(1), 85-95.
  • Bulut, S. (2018). Suriye Krizinin İsrail’e Yansımaları: İsrail’in ‘Kırmızı Çizgi’ Politikası ve Geçirdiği Dönüşüm. Uluslararası Tarih ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 20, 521-557.
  • Cankara, P. Ö. (2021). İsrail’in Arap Baharı’na Yaklaşımı ve Suriye İç Savaşı’na Yönelik Pozisyonu. Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17(38), 5657-5685. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.826966
  • CBC News. (2014, Mayıs 19). Syria War Death Toll Tops 160,000. https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/syria-war-death-toll-tops-160-000-1.2647285.
  • CNBC. (2013, Eylül 13). Israelis Scramble for Gas Masks as Syria Tensions Rise. https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2013/08/28/israelis-scramble-for-gas-masks-as-syria-.
  • Data UNCR. (2022, Temmuz 1). Operational Data Portal. https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/syria.
  • Eglash, R. & Sly, L. (2014, Mart 19). Israeli Warplanes Strike Syrian Military Positions in Golan Heights. The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/israeli-warplanes-strike-syrian-military-positions-in-golan-heights/2014/03/19/d3ff8de4-0604-4492-b352-34bd1ee957f9_story.html.
  • Erkmen, S. (2021, Haziran 2). “Bildiği Şeytan”dan Kırmızı Çizgilere: İsrail’in Suriye politikası. Fikir Turu. https://fikirturu.com/jeo-strateji/bildigi-seytandan-kirmizi-cizgilere-israilin-suriye-politikasi/.
  • Fitzpatrick, M. (2013). Destroying Syria’s Chemical Weapons, Survival. Global Politics and Strategy, 55(6), 107-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2013.862938
  • Kasapoğlu, C. (2014, Mayıs 28). Bireysel iletişim (e-mail).
  • Hokayem. E. (2013). Syria’s Uprising and the Fracturing of the Levant. Adelphie Series.
  • Inbar, E. (2019, Mayıs 7). Israel’s Presence on the Golan Heights: A Strategic Necessity. Tv7 Israel News. https://www.tv7israelnews.com/israels-presence-on-the-golan-heights-a-strategic-necessity/.
  • Independent. (2018, Eylül 25). Israel Warns Russia's Transfer of Advanced Missile Defence Systems to Syria Will 'Endanger' Region. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/russia-transfer-missile-defence-systems-syria-war-israel-warning-endanger-region-a8554026.html.
  • Karshner, I. (2014, Ocak 29). Despite Decades of Enmity, Israel Quietly Aids Syrian Civilians. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/30/world/middleeast/despite-decades-of-enmity-israel-quietly-aids-syrian-civilians.html.
  • Koç, M. (2020). Şeytanlaştırma Miti ve Şeytanlaşan Düşmanlar: ABD-İran. İçinde D. Ü. Arıboğan (Ed). Travmaların Gölgesinde: Politik Psikoloji (ss. 85-119). İnkılap Kitabevi.
  • Lappin, Y. (2014, Şubat 24). Amid Raging Conflict in Syria, IDF Deploys New Division to Border. The Jaruselam Post. http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Amid-raging-conflict-in-Syria-IDF-deploys-new-division-to-border-342314.
  • Laub, Z. (2017, Nisan 28). Who’s Who in Syria’s Civil War. Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/whos-who-syrias-civil-war.
  • Mearsheimer, J. (2001). The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. Norton.
  • Mehdi, S. Z. (2022, Temmuz 3). Iran vows support to Syria against Israel. Anadolu Ajansı. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/iran-vows-support-to-syria-against-israel/2629252.
  • Mohammad, S. (2018). Coalition-Building in Iran’s Foreign Policy: Understanding the ‘Axis of Resistance’. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 21(6), 716-731. https://10.1080/19448953.2018.1506295
  • Özden, A. (2022, Nisan 22). Israeli Security and Intelligence in The Context of Syrian Civil War. Foreign Policy Institute. https://foreignpolicy.org.tr/israeli-security-and-intelligence-in-the-context-of-syrian-civil-war/.
  • Raanan, O. (2013, Eylül 5). Syria’s Security Implications for Israel: A Lose-Lose Situation. Carnegie. http://carnegieendowment.org/sada/2013/09/05/syria-s-security-implications-for-israel-lose-lose-situation/gm8o.
  • Rabinovich, I. (2002, Şubat 1). Is There an Option for a New Israeli Policy Toward Syria?. The Jaruselam Strategic Tribune. https://jstribune.com/rabinovich-a-new-israeli-policy-toward-syria/.
  • Reliefweb. (2014, Mayıs 20). Entire Declared Syrian Stockpile of Isopropanol is Destroyed. https://reliefweb.int/report/syrian-arab-republic/entire-declared-syrian-stockpile-isopropanol-destroyed.
  • Salihi, E. (2022). İsrail’in Basra Körfezi Güvenliğindeki Yeni Rolü. İçinde Ö. Z. Oktav ve N. Acar (Ed). Basra Körfezi Güvenliğinin Yeni Dinamikleri (ss. 174-208). Orion Yayınevi.
  • Shadid, A. (2011, Mayıs 10). Syrian Elite to Fight Protests to ‘the End’. The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/11/world/middleeast/11makhlouf.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0.
  • Solingen, E. (2007). Nuclear Logics: Contrasting Paths in East Asia and the Middle. Princeton University Press.
  • The Guardian. (2012, Haziran 23). Syrian Regime Makes Chemical Warfare Threat. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/23/syria-chemical-warfare-threat-assad.
  • The Wall Street Journal. (2011, Ocak 31). Interview With Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703833204576114712441122894.
  • Thorleifsson, C. M. (2013). A Fragile Cold Peace: The Impact of the Syrian Conflict on Israeli-Syrian Relations. Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre.
  • UN Resolution 2118. (2013). Resolution 2118. http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_res_2118.pdf.
  • UNDOF. (2014). United Nations Disengagement Observer Force. https://undof.unmissions.org/croatian-contingent-leaves-undof.
  • Wilson Center. (2015, Aralık 17). The Syrian Crisis and Israeli Security Challenges. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/the-syrian-crisis-and-israeli-security-challenges.
  • Yaalon, M. (2013, Haziran 13). Israel’s Security Policy in a Changing Middle East. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/israels-security-policy-in-a-changing-middle-east.
  • Zisser, E. (2013). The Crisis in Syria: Threats and Opportunities for Israel. İçinde A. Kurz ve S. Brom (Ed). Strategic Survey for Israel 2012-2013 (ss.167-185). Institute for National Security Studies.
  • Zitun, Y. (2013, Ağustos 9). Ya'alon: Inaction on Syria Also Has Consequences. Ynetnwes. http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4427267,00.html.
  • Zvulun, R. (2022, Haziran 27). Israel Says Russians Fired at Its Jets over Syria in May in "one-off". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-says-russians-fired-its-jets-over-syria-may-one-off-2022-07-26/.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Uluslararası İlişkiler
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Kahraman Süvari 0000-0002-8137-9010

Emin Salihi 0000-0003-0074-0407

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Süvari, K., & Salihi, E. (2022). SURİYE KRİZİNDE İSRAİL’İN GÜVENLİK POLİTİKALARI: TEHDİTLER VE FIRSATLAR. Uluslararası Stratejik Boyut Dergisi, 2(2), 92-105.