ULUSAL HÜKÜMETLERİN KRİPTO PARALARI DÜZENLEME ARZULARINI WESTFALYA ÖNCESİ EGEMENLİK KAVRAMLARI ARACILIĞIYLA ANLAMAK

Yıl 2022, , 141 - 164, 26.09.2022

Ali Oğuz Diriöz

https://doi.org/10.54842/ustich.1167457

Öz

Kripto para birimleri, elektronik para birimleri ve blok zinciri finansal teknolojiler (Fintech), ulusal hükümetlerin özellikle güvenlik endişelerini öne sürerek belirli düzenlemeler getirmeye çalıştığı tartışmalı konulardır. Kripto para birimleri, suç ve terör örgütlerinin kara para aklama gibi, takip edilemeyen işlemleri için kullanılabilmekte ve bu nedenle ciddi güvenlik riskleri oluşturmaktadır. Bu yeni teknolojilerin pek çok hararetli savunucuları için, hükümetlerin düzenlemeler dayatma istekleri olumsuz karşılanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, bu teknolojilerin kullanımı küresel ekonomide genişlemeye devam edeceği için, büyük ulus devletlerin çoğu bunları düzenleme altına almayı arzu etmektedir. Ulusal egemenliğin bir aracı olan para birimini, esasen Vestfalya modern devlet sistemi çağından çok önceki kavramlarla yorumlamak gerekir. Fintech’i düzenleme arzusu, İncil zamanlarına, Vestfalya’nın egemen ve bağımsız modern ulus devlet kavramının çok öncesine kadar uzanan bir egemen güç kavramından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu egemenlik kavramı, para basma yetkisine dayanır. Ayrıca böyle bir egemen güç kavramı, Antik Roma’da, Ortaçağ Avrupa’sında ve erken İslam egemen güç anlayışında görülmektedir. Bu nedenle, ulusal veya uluslararası düzeydeki düzenlemelerle ilgili herhangi bir tartışmaya başlamadan önce, küresel olarak paranın nasıl bir egemenlik sembolü olduğunu anlamak önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kripto Para, Egemenlik, Küreselleşme, Düzenleme, Uluslararası İlişkiler

UNDERSTANDING NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS’ DESIRE TO REGULATE CRYPTO CURRENCIES THROUGH PRE-WESTPHALIAN CONCEPTS OF SOVEREIGNTY

Öz

Crypto currencies, electronic currencies and block chain financial technologies (Fintech), have been debated issues whereby national governments are trying to put certain regulation upon them, especially citing security concerns. Crypto currencies can be used for money laundering, untraceable transactions of criminal and terrorist organizations and thus constitute genuine security risks. To many evangelists of these new technologies, governmental desires to impose regulations is viewed negatively. However, although usage of these technologies will likely continue to expand in the global economy, there is a desire to put them under regulation by most of the major nation states. It is necessary to understand the essence of currency as a tool of national sovereignty long before the age of the Westphalian concept of the modern state system. The desire to regulate Fintech derives from a concept of sovereign power that goes back to biblical times and far beyond the Westphalian notion of the sovereign and independent modern nation state. That notion of sovereignty rests on the power to mint money. Furthermore, the concept of such a sovereign power is observed in Ancient Rome, Medieval Europe as well as the early Islamic understanding of sovereign power. Thus it is essential to understand globally how the symbol of money has been a sovereignty symbol before starting any discussions on national or international levels of regulations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sovereignty, Crypto currency, Globalization, Regulation, International Relations

Kaynakça

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