YERLİ HALKLAR VE PETROL, GAZ VE MADENCİLİK ŞİRKETLERİ: RUSYA'NIN KUZEY KUTUP BÖLGELERİ ÖRNEĞİ

Öz

Bu makalenin amacı Rusya’nın farklı kuzey kutup bölgelerindefaaliyet gösteren petrol, gas ve madencilik şirketleriyle buralardayaşayan yerli topluluklar arasında gerçekleştirilen fayda-paylaşımıanlaşmalarının incelenmesidir. Her ne kadar, farklı bölgesel mevzuatlar,izlek bağımlı uygulamalar ve şirket politikaları çok farklı müzakereedilmiş düzenlemelerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuşsa da, bu çalışma,pratikte kaynakların çıkartılmasına öncelik verildiği durumlarda, yerlihalkların sesinin yadsınıyor olduğunu göstermektedir. Rusya’nın liberalolmayan bağlamında, yerli halklar müzakere kabiliyet ve uzmanlıklarıkendilerininkinden çok daha fazla olan petrol, gaz ve madencilikşirketleriyle eşitsiz bir mücadele içindedirler. Genel olarak, Rusya’nınkuzey kutup bölgelerinde faaliyet gösteren ve bu bölgelerdeki doğalkaynakların çıkartılması ile ilgili imkânlardan esinlenen petrol, gaz vemadencilik şirketleri, fayda paylaşımı konusunda yeterli dikkatigöstermemektedirler. Bu makale, Rusya’nın kuzey bölgelerinde, petrol vegaz şirketleriyle yapılan anlaşmaların yerli halkaların hakları ile ilgilidengesiz manzarayı gözlerden saklamak gibi bir işlevi olduğunu iddiaetmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yerli Halklar, Yerli Halkların Hakları, Kuzey Kutup

INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND EXTRACTIVE COMPANIES: THE CASE OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC

Öz

The purpose of the article is to analyze the implementation ofbenefit-sharing agreements between indigenous communities andresource (oil, gas and mining) companies operating in different Arcticregions in Russia. While different regional legislation and regulatoryframeworks, path-dependent practices and company policies resulted ina broad-spectrum of negotiated arrangements, the study shows that inreality, where resource extraction is prioritized, indigenous voices areoften ignored. In Russia’s illiberal context, indigenous communities areengaged in an uphill battle with extractive companies whose capacityand expertise in negotiation process is far more extensive. By and large,extractive industries in Russian Arctic inspired by new possibilities inextracting natural resources appear to be ill-prepared to benefit-sharingcommitments. The paper concludes that in the context of the RussianNorth, agreements with resource (oil, gas and mining) are entitled tosugar-coat the uneven landscape of indigenous rights

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Rights, Arctic, Benefit

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