İKİNCİ DÜNYA SAVAŞI SIRASINDA ABD’DE JAPON KÖKENLİ İNSANLARIN YERİNİN DEĞİŞTİRİLMESİ VE ENTERNE EDİLMESİ

Yıl 2014, Sayı: 15, 125 - 184, 01.03.2014

Mehmet Oğuzhan Tulun

Öz

İkinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Japonya’nın Amerika BirleşikDevletleri’ne saldırmasının ardından o dönemin Amerikan hükümeti,Amerikan vatandaşı olan veya yasal olarak ABD’de ikamet eden Japonkökenli kişileri askeri yönden hassas ve stratejik bölgelerden çıkartmave onları mahkeme kararı olmadan çeşitli kamplarda enterne etmekararları aldı. Amerikan hükümeti kararların askeri gerekliliktenalındığını belirtti. Birkaç Japon kökenli Amerikan vatandaşı bukararlara karşı çıktı ve haklarındaki davalar Amerikan YüksekMahkemesi’nde görüldü, ancak Mahkeme hükümetin kararlarınıonayladı. Seneler sonra, hükümetin o sırada ileri sürmüş olduğu askerigerekliliğin gerçeklere dayalı olmadığı ortaya çıktı. Bunun ortayaçıkması beraberinde bir takım özür dilemeleri, mahkûmiyetlerinbozulmasını ve tazminatların ödenmesini getirdi. Bu makale yukarıdaana hatlarıyla açıklanan yer değiştirme ve enterne etme kararlarınınarka planı, içeriği ve sonuçlarını, Amerikan Yüksek Mahkemesi’ndekidavaları ve İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonraki gelişmeleri çeşitliyönleriyle inceleyecektir. Makale aynı zamanda, bu kararları Osmanlıhükümetinin Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Ermenileri sevk ve iskânetme kararı ile karşılaştıracak ve bu iki vakanın neden temeldebirbirlerinden farklı olduğunu açıklayacaktır

Anahtar Kelimeler

sevk etme, alıkoyma, Japon kökenli insanlar

THE RELOCATION AND INTERNMENT OF PEOPLE OF JAPANESE DESCENT IN THE US DURING WWII

Öz

Following Japan’s attack on the United States during WorldWar II, the US government of the time decided to relocate and internpeople of Japanese descent – both citizen and resident alien - away frommilitarily sensitive and strategically important areas. The USgovernment cited military necessity for these relocation and internmentpolicies. Several American citizens of Japanese descent objected to suchpolicies, and their cases were heard at the US Supreme Court – whichultimately affirmed the government’s policies. Years later, informationsurfaced that the military necessity cited by the government was notbased on facts. This revelation brought with it a series of apologies,overturning of convictions and restitutions. This article examinesvarious aspects of this relocation and internment as outlined above: thebackground, the content, and consequences of these policies; the USSupreme Court cases; and the developments after World War II. Thisarticle will also briefly compare these policies with the relocation policycarried out by the Ottoman government against Armenian people duringWorld War I, and explain why the two cases are fundamentally differentfrom each other

Anahtar Kelimeler

relocation, internment, people of Japanese descent, the

Kaynakça

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