KOLLEKTİF TRAVMA VE SİVİL TOPLUM ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: İSRAİL’İN YAHUDİ KÖKENLİ VATANDAŞLARI ÜZERİNE BİR VAKA İNCELEMESİ

Yıl 2012, Sayı: 13, 59 - 84, 01.05.2012

Seda Kırdar

Öz

Bu araştırma, geçmiş bir travmanın toplum tarafından nasıl kollektif birşekilde yaşandığı ve kendini kamuoyu ve kamu politikalarında nasıl açıkçagösterdiğini incelemektedir. Kollektif travma, travma ve sivil toplum arasındakikarışık ilişkiyi açıklığa kavuşturan temel bir konsepttir. Bu vaka çalışması,Holokost trajedisini ve onun İsrail’in yahudi kökenli vatandaşları tarafındanpaylaşılan anlamını incelemektedir. İsrail’in yahudi kökenli vatandaşlarınıntravmatik geçmişlerini irdeleyerek, onların dışarıya karşı tutumlarınıaçıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, çatışma analizi için, her krizin içinde yeralan toplumsal faktörlerin yanında insan tecrübesinin çok yönlü doğasını dagöz önüne alması sebebiyle başlangıç noktası olarak sosyo-psikolojikyaklaşımları kullanmaktadır. Geçmişin köklü bilinci ve şimdiki zamanlabağlantısı İsrail’in yahudi kökenli vatandaşları arasında kurban olma sıfatınıyaratmıştır. Bu kurban olma hali psikolojik olarak kurumlara olduğu gibi eğitimsistemine ve medyaya da nüfuz etmiştir. Hepsi, sistematik olarak Filistinlilerekarşı ayrımcılık yapılmasını ve onlara karşı sert politik ve askeri yöntemlerinkullanılmasını rasyonalize etmişlerdir. Bu yüzden, devletin varlığını devamettirmek ve kimliğini korumak için, toplum, muhtemelen devletin hayattakalmasını sağlamak adına yürütüldüğü söylenen askeri teşebbüsleri içerensaldırgan politikalara uyum göstermektedir. Bu şiddet sarmalı, anlayışsızlık,ve insanlıktan uzaklaştırma hali İsrail’in yahudi kökenli vatandaşlarınınFilistinlilerle barışçıl ilişkiler kurma olanaklarını engellemektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kolektif Travma, Holokost, kimlik, İsrail, bellek

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COLLECTIVE TRAUMA AND CIVIL SOCIETY: JEWISH CITIZENS OF ISRAEL AS A CASE STUDY

Öz

This research examines how past trauma is experienced collectivelyby a society and how it manifests itself within public opinion and policy.Collective trauma is a key concept that sheds lights on to the intricateinteraction between trauma and civil society. This case study examines thetragedy of the Holocaust and its shared meaning to the Jewish citizens ofIsrael. It is intended to elaborate Jewish citizens of Israel’s attitude towardoutsiders by exploring their traumatic past. The study uses socialpsychological approaches as a starting point for conflict analysis since theseapproaches consider the variegated nature of the human experience alongsidethe social factors that are inherent in every conflict. The deep sense of pastand its linkage to the present created a role of victimization within Jewishcitizens of Israel. This victimization is psychologically embedded withininstitutions such as the education system as well as the media. Bothsystemically rationalize discrimination toward the Palestinians and justifythe harsh political and military tactics employed against them. Therefore, tomaintain the state’s existence and preserve its identity, the society is morelikely to comply with aggressive policies through militaristic ventures thatare allegedly undertaken to ensure survival. This cycle of violence,intolerance and dehumanization hinders Jewish citizens of Israel ability toachieve peaceful relations with the Palestinians

Anahtar Kelimeler

collective trauma, Holocaust, identity, Israel, memory

Kaynakça

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