EKONOMİ VE DEMOKRASİ İLİŞKİSİ: KENYA VE ETİYOPYA ÖRNEĞİ

Öz

Özellikle Sanayi Devrimi ve Karl Marx’ın siyasi iktisat alanındaki çalışmalarından sonra ekonomi ile demokrasi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi popülerlik kazanmıştır. Bu ilişki kapsamında genel olarak ortaya konan ifade “ekonomik gelişmelerden demokratik gelişmeye doğru işleyen bir neden-sonuç” ilişkisi olduğu yönündedir. Bu sebeple, söz konusu ilişkiye göre, ekonomik açıdan gerekli gelişme düzeyine ulaşan ülkelerde demokrasinin gelişimi anlamında da ihtiyaç duyulan gelişme gerçekleşmektedir. Weber tarafından ortaya konulduğu üzere, modern anlamda gerekli koşulları taşıyan bir demokrasiye ulaşabilmek için öncelikle kapitalist sanayinin gelişmesi gerekmektedir. Ekonomiden demokrasiye doğru gerçekleşen bu akışa göre, ekonominin belirli alanlarındaki göstergeleri daha üst seviyede olan ülkelerin demokratik hükümet şekilleri geliştirmeye daha eğilimli olduğu belirtilmiştir. Söz konusu bu durum, birçok nicel çalışma tarafından da tespit edilerek, ekonomik gelişmeden demokratik gelişmeye ulaşan akış doğrulanmıştır. Bu durumun nedenleri arasında, ekonomik gelişmenin eğitimin gelişmesine katkı sağlaması; kırdan kente göçü artırarak kentli bir değer olan demokrasiye yönelik zihinsel yapıyı güçlendirmesi; tarımsal faaliyetlerden endüstriyel faaliyetlere geçişi artırması bulunmaktadır. İfade edilen nedenler bir araya gelerek, sonuçta nüfusun daha açık bir toplum haline gelmesi sağlanmış, bu sayede toplumlarda demokrasiye yönelik bir sistem yönündeki arzuları artırmıştır. Dolayısıyla, birçok yazar tarafından araştırma konusu yapılan ekonomi-demokrasi ilişkisi, bu çalışmada birbirine komşu olan iki Afrika ülkesi üzerinden değerlendirilmiş ve ekonomiden demokrasiye doğru olan akışın Kenya ve Etiyopya açısından geçerli olduğu saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Siyasi İktisat
• Demokrasi
• Afrika

ECONOMY AND DEMOCRACY RELATIONSHIP: THE CASE OF KENYA AND ETHIOPIA

Öz

Especially after the Industrial Revolution and Karl Marx's studies in political economy, the examination of the relationship among economy and democracy has gained popularity. The expression generally put forward within the scope of this relationship is that there is a cause-effect relationship that works from economic developments to democratic development. Hence, based on the aforementioned correlation, the attainment of the requisite level of economic progress constitutes a prerequisite for the development of democracy in a given nation. As put forward by Weber, in order to reach a democracy that has the necessary conditions in the modern sense, capitalist industry must first develop. According to this flow from economy to democracy, it is stated that countries with higher indicators in certain areas of the economy are more inclined to develop democratic forms of government. This situation has been determined by many quantitative studies and the flow from economic development to democratic development has been confirmed. Among the reasons for this situation are that economic development contributes to the development of education and strengthens the mental structure towards democracy. The stated reasons came together and the result was that the population became a more open society, thus increasing the desires of societies for a democratic system. In light of this, this study has appraised the correlation between the economy and democracy, and has ascertained that the flow from the economy to democracy holds true for both Kenya and Ethiopia.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Political Economy
• Democracy
• Africa

Kaynakça

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