İŞGÜCÜ VERİMLİLİĞİ VE İHRACAT EKONOMİK BÜYÜMEYİ DESTEKLER Mİ? EN AZ GELİŞMİŞ ÜLKELER ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR İNCELEME

Öz

Büyük bir nüfusa sahip olmalarına rağmen, En Az Gelişmiş Ülkeler (EAGÜ), düşük insan sermayesi seviyeleri, kırılgan ekonomileri ve son derece düşük iş gücü verimliliği nedeniyle dünya ticaretinin yalnızca %1'ini oluşturmaktadır. İhracatta düşük iş gücü verimliliği bu oranın artırılmasının önündeki en büyük engel olmasına rağmen, ihracat bu ülke grubunun ekonomik büyümesinde önemli bir role sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2000-2021 yıllarını kapsayan, 24 EAGÜ (tam veri setine sahip) ülkesinde iş gücü verimliliği ve ihracatın ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Ayrıca, çalışma, ihracata dayalı bir büyüme modelinin seçilen ülke grubunun benimsemesinin rasyonel olup olmadığını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, Dumitrescu ve Hurlin'in (2012) Granger nedensellik testi, iş gücü verimliliği ile ekonomik büyüme arasında çift yönlü bir nedensellik olduğunu ortaya koymuştur, ancak ihracat ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin istatistiksel olarak anlamsızdır. İhracat ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki nedensellik göz önüne alındığında, ihracata dayalı ekonomik büyüme modelini bu ülkelere uygulanabilir olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• En Az Gelişmiş Ülkeler
• Ekonomik Büyüme
• İhracat
• İşgücü Verimliliği

DO LABOR PRODUCTIVITY AND EXPORTS STIMULATE GROWTH? EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM THE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES (LDCS)

Öz

Despite having a large population, the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) only make up 1% of world trade because of their low levels of human capital, fragile economies, and extremely low labor productivity (LP Herafter). Although low LP in exports is the biggest barrier to increasing this rate, exports have a crucial role in the economic growth (EG herafter) of this country’s group. The purpose of this study is to examine, using complete data covering the years 2000–2021, the impacts of LP and exports on EG in 24 of the LDCs countries. Additionally, the study aims to determine if applying an export-based growth model contributes to the EG in selected country groups. Dumitrescu and Hurlin's (2012) Granger causality test revealed a bidirectional causality between LP and EG, however the relationship between exports and EG was found to be statistically insignificant. Given the causality between exports and EG, applying the export-led EG model to these countries does not appear feasible.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• The Least Developed Countries
• Economic Growth
• Export
• Labor Productivity

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