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Prediction of corrosion rate of AZ31B magnesium alloy under salt fog environment in NaCl solution

Yıl 2013, , 75 - 98, 01.06.2013
https://doi.org/10.12748/uujms/20131713

Öz

Magnesium alloys have gained considerable interest as a material for automotive and aerospace applications due to its low density, high specific strength, and good castability. However, another considerable issue is their corrosion properties. This restricts their practical applications. In this present research, corrosion behavior of the AZ31B magnesium alloy was evaluated by conducting salt fog test in NaCl solution at different chloride ion concentrations, pH values, spraying times, and air pressures. The corrosion morphology observation was carried out by optical microscopy and the corrosion products were analyzed by SEM and XRD analysis. An attempt was also made to develop an empirical relationship to predict the corrosion rate of AZ31B magnesium alloy. Four factors five level central composite rotatable design matrix was used to minimize the number of experimental conditions. Response surface (RSM) methodology was used to develop the relationship. The developed relationship can be effectively used to predict the corrosion rate of AZ31B magnesium alloy at 95% confidence level.

Kaynakça

  • Pardo A, Merino MC, Merino S, Lopez MD, VIEJO F and Carboneras M. Corrosion behavior of magnesium/aluminium alloys in 3.5 wt. % NaCl. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2008; 50: 823 – 834.
  • Tunold R, Holtan H, Berge MH, Lasson A and Hansen RS. The corrosion of magnesium in aqueous solution containing chloride ions. Journal of Corrosion Science, 1977; 17: 353 − 365.
  • Ghali E, Dietzel W and Kainer K. General and localized corrosion of magnesium alloys: a critical review, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 13: 7 – Nwaogu UC, Blawert C, Scharnagl N, Dietzel W and Kainer KU. Influence of inorganic acid pickling on the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy AZ31 sheet. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2009; 51: 2544 – 2556.
  • Hara N, Kobayashi Y, Kagaya D and Akao N. Formation and breakdown of surface film on magnesium and its alloy in aqueous solutions. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2007; 49: 166 – 175.
  • Makar GL and Kruger J. Corrosion of Magnesium. International Journal of Materials Review, 1993; 38: 138 – 153.
  • Makar GL and Kruger J. Corrosion studies of rapidly solidified magnesium alloys. Journal of Electrochemical Society, 1990; 137: 414 – 421.
  • Jia JX, Song GL and Atrens A. Influence of geometry on galvanic corrosion of AZ91D coupled to steel Journal of Corrosion Science, 2006; 48: 2133 – 2153. Shi Z, Song G and Atrens A. The corrosion performance of anodized magnesium alloys. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2006; 48: 3531 – 3546.
  • Song G, Hapugoda S and St. John D. Degradation of the surface appearance of magnesium and its alloys in simulated atmospheric environments. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2007; 49: 1245 – 1265.
  • Neil WC, Forsyth M, Howlett PC, Hutchinson CR and Hinton BRW. Corrosion of magnesium alloy ZE41 – The role of microstructural features, Journal of Corrosion Science, 2009; 51: 387 – 394.
  • Raman RKS. The role of microstructure in localized corrosion of magnesium alloys, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2004; 35: 2527 – 2533.
  • Zeng RC, Zhang J, Huang WJ, Dietzel W, Kainer KU, Blawert C and Andwei KE. Review of studies on corrosion of magnesium alloys. Transactions of Nonferrous Metal Society of China, 2006; 16: 763 – 771.
  • Song GL, Johannesson B, Hapugpda S and St. John D. Galvanic corrosion of magnesium alloy AZ91D in contact with aluminium alloy, steel and zinc. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2004; 46: 955 − 977.
  • Pardo A, Merino MC, Coy AE, Viejo F, Arrabal R and Feliu Jr S. Influence of microstructure and composition on the corrosion behavior of Mg/Al alloys in chloride media. Electrochimica Acta, 2008; 53: 7890 –7902.
  • Merino MC, Pardo A, Arrabal R, Merino S, Casajus P and Mohedano M. Influence of chloride ion concentration and temperature on the corrosion of Mg–Al alloys in salt fog. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2010; 52: 1696 – 1704.
  • Holly JM, Horstemeyer MF and Paul WT. Comparison of corrosion pitting under immersion and salt-spray environments on an as-cast AE44 magnesium alloy. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2010; 52: 3624 – 3638.
  • Pardo A, Merino S, Merino MC, Barroso I, Mohedano M, Arrabal R and Viejo F. Corrosion behaviour of silicon–carbide-particle reinforced AZ92 magnesium alloy. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2009; 51: 841–849.
  • Pathak SS, Blanton MD, Mendon SK and Rawlins JW. Investigation on dual corrosion performance of magnesium-rich primer for aluminum alloys under salt spray test (ASTM B117) and natural exposure. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2010; 52: 1453 – 1463.
  • Box GEP and Draper NR. Empirical Model Building and Response Surfaces, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1987.
  • Zhao MC, Schmutz P, Brunner S, Liu M, Song GL and Atrens A. An exploratory study of the corrosion of Mg alloys during interrupted salt spray testing, Journal of Corrosion Science, 2009; 51:1277 – 1292.
  • Khuri AI and Cornell JA. Response Surfaces; Design and Analysis, Marcel Dekker Ltd, New York, 1996.
  • Miller RG, Freund JE and Johnson DE. Probability and Statistics for Engineers, Prentice of Hall of India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, 1999.
  • ASTM B 117. Standard Practice for Operating Salt spray (Fog) apparatus. American Society for Testing of Materials, 2003.
  • ASTM G1-03. Standard Practice for Preparing, Cleaning and evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens. American Society for Testing of Materials, 2003.
  • Montgomery DC. Design and Analysis of Experiments, 3, John Wiley, New York, 200 Inoue H, Sugahara K, Yamamoto A and Tsubakino HT. Corrosion rate of magnesium and its alloys in buffered chloride solution. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2002; 44: 603 – 610.
  • Gao L, Zhang C, Zhang M, Huang X and Sheng N. The corrosion of a novel Mg11Li-3Al-0.5RE alloy in alkaline NaCl solution. Journal of Alloys & Compounds; 2007, 468: 285 – 289.
  • Abady GM, Hilal NH, El-Rabieee M and Badawy WA. Effect of Al content on the corrosion behavior of Mg-Al alloys in aqueous solutions of different pH. Electrochimica Acta, 2010; 55: 6651 – 6658.
  • Liang J, Bala Srinivasan P, Blawert C and Dietzel W. Influence of pH on the deterioration of plasma electrolytic oxidation coated AM50 magnesium alloy in NaCl solutions. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2010; 52: 540 – 547.
  • Hiromoto S, Yamamoto A, Maruyama N, Somekawa H and Mukai T. Influence of pH and flow on the polarisation behaviour of pure magnesium in borate buffer solutions. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2008; 50: 3561 – 3568.
  • Hara N, Kobayashi Y, Kagaya D and Akao N. Formation and break down of surface films on magnesium and its alloys in Aqueous solutions. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2007; 49: 166 – 175.
  • Pardo A, Merino MC, Coya AE, Viejo F, Arrabal R and Feliu S. Influence of microstructure and composition on the corrosion behaviour of Mg/Al alloys in chloride media. Electrochimica Acta, 2008; 53: 7890 – 7902.
  • Lebozec N, Jonsson M and Dominique Thierry. Atmospheric corrosion of magnesium alloys: The influence of temperature, relative humidity, and chloride deposition. Corrosion, 2004; 60: 356 – 361.
  • Zhao MC, Liu M, Song GL and Atrens A. Influence of pH and chloride ion concentration on the corrosion of Mg alloy ZE41. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2008; 50: 3168 – 3178.
  • Dhanapal A, Rajendra Boopathy S and Balasubramanian V. Developing an empirical relationship to predict the corrosion rate of friction stir welded AZ61A magnesium alloy under salt fog environment. Materials Design, 2011; 32: 5066 – 50
  • Johnsson M, Persson D and Theirry D. Corrosion product formation during NaCl induced atmospheric corrosion Mg alloy AZ91D. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2007; 49: 1540 – 1558.
  • Blawert C, Morales ED, Dietzel W and Kainer KU. Comparison of corrosion properties of squeeze cast and thixocast MgZnRE alloys. Materials Science Forum, 2005; 488: 697 – 700.
  • Song G, Atrens A, Wu Z and Zhang B. Corrosion behavior of AZ21, AZ501, and AZ91 in sodium chloride, Journal of Corrosion Science, 1998; 40: 1769 – 1791.
  • Song Y, Shan D, Chen R and Han EH. Effect of second phases on the corrosion behavior of wrought Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloy. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2010; 52: 1830 – 1837.
  • Zhang ZM, X u HY and Li BC. Corrosion properties of plastically deformed AZ80 magnesium alloy. Transactions of Nonferrous Metal Society of China, 2010; 20: 697 – 702.

Prediction of corrosion rate of AZ31B magnesium alloy under salt fog environment in NaCl solution

Yıl 2013, , 75 - 98, 01.06.2013
https://doi.org/10.12748/uujms/20131713

Öz

Magnesium alloys have gained considerable interest as a material for automotive and aerospace applications due to its low density, high specific strength, and good castability. However, another considerable issue is their corrosion properties. This restricts their practical applications. In this present research, corrosion behavior of the AZ31B magnesium alloy was evaluated by conducting salt fog test in NaCl solution at different chloride ion concentrations, pH values, spraying times, and air pressures. The corrosion morphology observation was carried out by optical microscopy and the corrosion products were analyzed by SEM and XRD analysis. An attempt was also made to develop an empirical relationship to predict the corrosion rate of AZ31B magnesium alloy. Four factors five level central composite rotatable design matrix was used to minimize the number of experimental conditions. Response surface (RSM) methodology was used to develop the relationship. The developed relationship can be effectively used to predict the corrosion rate of AZ31B magnesium alloy at 95% confidence level.

Kaynakça

  • Pardo A, Merino MC, Merino S, Lopez MD, VIEJO F and Carboneras M. Corrosion behavior of magnesium/aluminium alloys in 3.5 wt. % NaCl. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2008; 50: 823 – 834.
  • Tunold R, Holtan H, Berge MH, Lasson A and Hansen RS. The corrosion of magnesium in aqueous solution containing chloride ions. Journal of Corrosion Science, 1977; 17: 353 − 365.
  • Ghali E, Dietzel W and Kainer K. General and localized corrosion of magnesium alloys: a critical review, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 13: 7 – Nwaogu UC, Blawert C, Scharnagl N, Dietzel W and Kainer KU. Influence of inorganic acid pickling on the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy AZ31 sheet. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2009; 51: 2544 – 2556.
  • Hara N, Kobayashi Y, Kagaya D and Akao N. Formation and breakdown of surface film on magnesium and its alloy in aqueous solutions. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2007; 49: 166 – 175.
  • Makar GL and Kruger J. Corrosion of Magnesium. International Journal of Materials Review, 1993; 38: 138 – 153.
  • Makar GL and Kruger J. Corrosion studies of rapidly solidified magnesium alloys. Journal of Electrochemical Society, 1990; 137: 414 – 421.
  • Jia JX, Song GL and Atrens A. Influence of geometry on galvanic corrosion of AZ91D coupled to steel Journal of Corrosion Science, 2006; 48: 2133 – 2153. Shi Z, Song G and Atrens A. The corrosion performance of anodized magnesium alloys. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2006; 48: 3531 – 3546.
  • Song G, Hapugoda S and St. John D. Degradation of the surface appearance of magnesium and its alloys in simulated atmospheric environments. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2007; 49: 1245 – 1265.
  • Neil WC, Forsyth M, Howlett PC, Hutchinson CR and Hinton BRW. Corrosion of magnesium alloy ZE41 – The role of microstructural features, Journal of Corrosion Science, 2009; 51: 387 – 394.
  • Raman RKS. The role of microstructure in localized corrosion of magnesium alloys, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2004; 35: 2527 – 2533.
  • Zeng RC, Zhang J, Huang WJ, Dietzel W, Kainer KU, Blawert C and Andwei KE. Review of studies on corrosion of magnesium alloys. Transactions of Nonferrous Metal Society of China, 2006; 16: 763 – 771.
  • Song GL, Johannesson B, Hapugpda S and St. John D. Galvanic corrosion of magnesium alloy AZ91D in contact with aluminium alloy, steel and zinc. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2004; 46: 955 − 977.
  • Pardo A, Merino MC, Coy AE, Viejo F, Arrabal R and Feliu Jr S. Influence of microstructure and composition on the corrosion behavior of Mg/Al alloys in chloride media. Electrochimica Acta, 2008; 53: 7890 –7902.
  • Merino MC, Pardo A, Arrabal R, Merino S, Casajus P and Mohedano M. Influence of chloride ion concentration and temperature on the corrosion of Mg–Al alloys in salt fog. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2010; 52: 1696 – 1704.
  • Holly JM, Horstemeyer MF and Paul WT. Comparison of corrosion pitting under immersion and salt-spray environments on an as-cast AE44 magnesium alloy. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2010; 52: 3624 – 3638.
  • Pardo A, Merino S, Merino MC, Barroso I, Mohedano M, Arrabal R and Viejo F. Corrosion behaviour of silicon–carbide-particle reinforced AZ92 magnesium alloy. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2009; 51: 841–849.
  • Pathak SS, Blanton MD, Mendon SK and Rawlins JW. Investigation on dual corrosion performance of magnesium-rich primer for aluminum alloys under salt spray test (ASTM B117) and natural exposure. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2010; 52: 1453 – 1463.
  • Box GEP and Draper NR. Empirical Model Building and Response Surfaces, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1987.
  • Zhao MC, Schmutz P, Brunner S, Liu M, Song GL and Atrens A. An exploratory study of the corrosion of Mg alloys during interrupted salt spray testing, Journal of Corrosion Science, 2009; 51:1277 – 1292.
  • Khuri AI and Cornell JA. Response Surfaces; Design and Analysis, Marcel Dekker Ltd, New York, 1996.
  • Miller RG, Freund JE and Johnson DE. Probability and Statistics for Engineers, Prentice of Hall of India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi, 1999.
  • ASTM B 117. Standard Practice for Operating Salt spray (Fog) apparatus. American Society for Testing of Materials, 2003.
  • ASTM G1-03. Standard Practice for Preparing, Cleaning and evaluating Corrosion Test Specimens. American Society for Testing of Materials, 2003.
  • Montgomery DC. Design and Analysis of Experiments, 3, John Wiley, New York, 200 Inoue H, Sugahara K, Yamamoto A and Tsubakino HT. Corrosion rate of magnesium and its alloys in buffered chloride solution. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2002; 44: 603 – 610.
  • Gao L, Zhang C, Zhang M, Huang X and Sheng N. The corrosion of a novel Mg11Li-3Al-0.5RE alloy in alkaline NaCl solution. Journal of Alloys & Compounds; 2007, 468: 285 – 289.
  • Abady GM, Hilal NH, El-Rabieee M and Badawy WA. Effect of Al content on the corrosion behavior of Mg-Al alloys in aqueous solutions of different pH. Electrochimica Acta, 2010; 55: 6651 – 6658.
  • Liang J, Bala Srinivasan P, Blawert C and Dietzel W. Influence of pH on the deterioration of plasma electrolytic oxidation coated AM50 magnesium alloy in NaCl solutions. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2010; 52: 540 – 547.
  • Hiromoto S, Yamamoto A, Maruyama N, Somekawa H and Mukai T. Influence of pH and flow on the polarisation behaviour of pure magnesium in borate buffer solutions. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2008; 50: 3561 – 3568.
  • Hara N, Kobayashi Y, Kagaya D and Akao N. Formation and break down of surface films on magnesium and its alloys in Aqueous solutions. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2007; 49: 166 – 175.
  • Pardo A, Merino MC, Coya AE, Viejo F, Arrabal R and Feliu S. Influence of microstructure and composition on the corrosion behaviour of Mg/Al alloys in chloride media. Electrochimica Acta, 2008; 53: 7890 – 7902.
  • Lebozec N, Jonsson M and Dominique Thierry. Atmospheric corrosion of magnesium alloys: The influence of temperature, relative humidity, and chloride deposition. Corrosion, 2004; 60: 356 – 361.
  • Zhao MC, Liu M, Song GL and Atrens A. Influence of pH and chloride ion concentration on the corrosion of Mg alloy ZE41. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2008; 50: 3168 – 3178.
  • Dhanapal A, Rajendra Boopathy S and Balasubramanian V. Developing an empirical relationship to predict the corrosion rate of friction stir welded AZ61A magnesium alloy under salt fog environment. Materials Design, 2011; 32: 5066 – 50
  • Johnsson M, Persson D and Theirry D. Corrosion product formation during NaCl induced atmospheric corrosion Mg alloy AZ91D. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2007; 49: 1540 – 1558.
  • Blawert C, Morales ED, Dietzel W and Kainer KU. Comparison of corrosion properties of squeeze cast and thixocast MgZnRE alloys. Materials Science Forum, 2005; 488: 697 – 700.
  • Song G, Atrens A, Wu Z and Zhang B. Corrosion behavior of AZ21, AZ501, and AZ91 in sodium chloride, Journal of Corrosion Science, 1998; 40: 1769 – 1791.
  • Song Y, Shan D, Chen R and Han EH. Effect of second phases on the corrosion behavior of wrought Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloy. Journal of Corrosion Science, 2010; 52: 1830 – 1837.
  • Zhang ZM, X u HY and Li BC. Corrosion properties of plastically deformed AZ80 magnesium alloy. Transactions of Nonferrous Metal Society of China, 2010; 20: 697 – 702.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

- Even">d.thirumalaikumarasamy Bu kişi benim

K.Shanmugam and V. Balasubramanian - Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013

Kaynak Göster

APA Even">d.thirumalaikumarasamy, .-., & -, K. a. V. B. (2013). Prediction of corrosion rate of AZ31B magnesium alloy under salt fog environment in NaCl solution. Usak University Journal of Material Sciences, 2(1), 75-98. https://doi.org/10.12748/uujms/20131713
AMA Even">d.thirumalaikumarasamy, - KaVB. Prediction of corrosion rate of AZ31B magnesium alloy under salt fog environment in NaCl solution. Usak University Journal of Material Sciences. Haziran 2013;2(1):75-98. doi:10.12748/uujms/20131713
Chicago Even">d.thirumalaikumarasamy, -, ve K.Shanmugam and V. Balasubramanian -. “Prediction of Corrosion Rate of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy under Salt Fog Environment in NaCl Solution”. Usak University Journal of Material Sciences 2, sy. 1 (Haziran 2013): 75-98. https://doi.org/10.12748/uujms/20131713.
EndNote Even">d.thirumalaikumarasamy -, - KaVB (01 Haziran 2013) Prediction of corrosion rate of AZ31B magnesium alloy under salt fog environment in NaCl solution. Usak University Journal of Material Sciences 2 1 75–98.
IEEE .-. Even">d.thirumalaikumarasamy ve K. a. V. B. -, “Prediction of corrosion rate of AZ31B magnesium alloy under salt fog environment in NaCl solution”, Usak University Journal of Material Sciences, c. 2, sy. 1, ss. 75–98, 2013, doi: 10.12748/uujms/20131713.
ISNAD Even">d.thirumalaikumarasamy, - - -, K.Shanmugam and V. Balasubramanian. “Prediction of Corrosion Rate of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy under Salt Fog Environment in NaCl Solution”. Usak University Journal of Material Sciences 2/1 (Haziran 2013), 75-98. https://doi.org/10.12748/uujms/20131713.
JAMA Even">d.thirumalaikumarasamy -, - KaVB. Prediction of corrosion rate of AZ31B magnesium alloy under salt fog environment in NaCl solution. Usak University Journal of Material Sciences. 2013;2:75–98.
MLA Even">d.thirumalaikumarasamy, - ve K.Shanmugam and V. Balasubramanian -. “Prediction of Corrosion Rate of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy under Salt Fog Environment in NaCl Solution”. Usak University Journal of Material Sciences, c. 2, sy. 1, 2013, ss. 75-98, doi:10.12748/uujms/20131713.
Vancouver Even">d.thirumalaikumarasamy -, - KaVB. Prediction of corrosion rate of AZ31B magnesium alloy under salt fog environment in NaCl solution. Usak University Journal of Material Sciences. 2013;2(1):75-98.