Evaluation of the wear and thermal properties of asbestos free brake pad using periwinkles shell particles

Abstract

The use of asbestos fiber is being avoided due to its carcinogenic nature that might cause health risks. A new brake pad produced using periwinkles shell particles to replace asbestos and thermoset resin as a binder was investigated. The periwinkles shell particles were varied from 710-125 µm. The surface morphology, wear test and thermal analysis of the samples were examined. The results showed that there was good interfacial bonding as the particle size of periwinkles shell decreased from 710-125 µm. The wear rate increased as the load and periwinkles particles size increased. The co-efficient of friction obtained was within the recommended standard for automobile brake pad. The temperature of maximal decomposition of periwinkle shell was higher than asbestos and many agro-wastes currently used in the production of brake pad materials. It means that periwinkle shell can withstand higher temperature than asbestos. The results of this research indicated that periwinkles shell particles can be effectively used as a substitute for asbestos in brake pad manufacture.

Keywords

• Brake pad, morphology, periwinkles shell, thermal analysis and wear

Kaynakça

1. Gong KC, Cheng YC and Huang YY. The high temperature resistance of polymeric brake composites. ASME Wear of Materials Conference Proc., ASME, New York, 765 – 770, 1985.
2. Sasaki Y. Development philosophy of friction materials for automobile disc brakes. The Eight International Pacific Conferences on Automobile Engineering, Society of Automobile Engineers of Japan; Society of Automobile Engineer of Japan, 407 – 412, 1995.
3. Shajael A, Fahimian M and Derakh BS. Thermal conductivity of rubber-based composite friction materials for rail road brakes thermal conduction characteristics. Journal of Composite Science and Technology, 1997; 67(13): 2665 – 2674.
4. Anderson AE. Friction and Wear of Automotive Brakes. ASM Handbook, Friction Lubrication and Wear Technology, ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 18: 569 – 577, 1992.
5. Aigbodion VS, Akadike U, Hassan SB, Asuke F and Agunsoye JO. Development of asbestos - free brake pad using bagasse. Journal of Tribology in Industry, 2010; 32(1): 24 – 32.
6. Sataphathy BK and Bijwe J. Composite friction materials based on organic fibres: sensitivity of friction and wear to operating variables. Journal of Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2006; 37(10): 1557 – 1567.
7. Dagwa IM and Ibhadode AOA. Design and manufacture of experimental brake pad test rig. Nigerian Journal of Engineering Research and Development, 2005; 4(3): 15 – 24.
8. Dagwa IM and Ibhadode AOA. Determination of optimum manufacturing conditions for asbestos-free brake pad using taguchi method. Nigerian Journal of Engineering Research and Development, 2006; 5(4): 1 – 8.

9. Seong JK and Ho J. Friction and wear of friction materials containing two different phenolic resins reinforced with aramid pulp. Journal of Tribology international, 2000; 33(7): 477 – 484.
10. Mohanty S and Chugh YP. Development of Fly ash–based automotive brake lining. Journal of Tribology International, 2007; 40(7): 1217 – 1224.
11. Filip P, Weiss Z and Rafaja D. Friction layer formation in polymer matrix composite materials for brake applications. Journal of Wear, 2001; 252(3 – 4): 345 – 352.
12. Satam BK and Bijwe J. Performance of friction materials based on variation in nature of organic. Journal of Wear, 2000; 257(5-6): 573 – 584.
13. Aku SY, Yawas DS, Madakson PB and Amaren SG. Characterization of periwinkle shell as asbestos-free brake pad materials. Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 2012; 13(2): 57 – 63.
14. Kolluri D, Ghosh AK and Bijwe J. Analysis of load speed sensitivity of friction composites based on various synthetic graphites. Journal of Wear, 2008; 266(12): 266 – 274.
15. Olerie W, Klob H, Urban I and Dmitrie AI. Towards a better understanding of brake friction materials. Journal of Wear, 2007; 263(7 – 12): 1189 – 1201. Hooton NA. Metal-ceramic composites in high-energy friction applications. Bendix Technical Journal, spring 1969: 55 – 61.