Artificial Intelligence, VR, AR and Metaverse Technologies for Human Resources Management

Öz

Human Resources (HR) technology solutions encompass software and hardware tools designed to automate HR processes, gather, process, and analyze data, utilize it for strategic decision-making, and execute HR professionals' tasks while prioritizing security and privacy considerations. As with numerous other domains, Digital Transformation and emerging technologies have commenced integration into HR processes. These technologies are utilized by HR professionals and various stakeholders involved in HR operations. This study evaluates the utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (VR), and the Metaverse within HR management, focusing on current trends and potential opportunities. A survey was conducted to gauge HR professionals' perceptions and critiques regarding these technologies. Participants were the HR department officers, academicians who specialized in HR and staff who had courses at diverse levels about HR. This study revealed that a substantial majority of participants view integrating AI, VR, AR, and Metaverse technologies in HR processes as beneficial, particularly in enhancing training, recruitment, and performance management. In particular, ethical concerns and data security risks emerged as dominant challenges. The two-way nature of technological adoption in HR, with both positive and negative aspects, was revealed. The research contributes to the growing body of knowledge by offering statistically significant insights into how demographic factors influence perceptions of emerging technologies in HR contexts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Human Resources Management
• Artificial Intelligence
• Virtual Reality
• Augmented Reality
• Metaverse
• HR
• VR
• AI
• AR

Etik Beyan

The study is carried out under the decision of the Manisa Celal Bayar University Science and Engineering Sciences Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Board, designated as number 1, made at Meeting Number 2023/04 dated 15.09.2023.

Teşekkür

We thank Manisa Celal Bayar University for their support.

İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi için Yapay Zeka, VR, AR ve Metaverse Teknolojileri

Öz

İnsan Kaynakları (İK) teknoloji çözümleri, İK süreçlerini otomatikleştirmek, veri toplamak, işlemek ve analiz etmek, stratejik karar alma süreçlerinde kullanmak ve İK profesyonellerinin görevlerini güvenlik ve gizlilik hususlarına öncelik vererek yürütmek için tasarlanmış yazılım ve donanım araçlarını kapsar. Diğer birçok alanda olduğu gibi, Dijital Dönüşüm ve ortaya çıkan yeni teknolojiler İK süreçlerine entegre edilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu teknolojiler İK profesyonelleri ve İK operasyonlarında yer alan çeşitli paydaşlar tarafından kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, İK yönetimi içinde Yapay Zeka (AI), Sanal Gerçeklik (VR), Artırılmış Gerçeklik (VR) ve Metaverse'in kullanımını değerlendirerek mevcut eğilimlere ve potansiyel fırsatlara odaklanmaktadır. İK profesyonellerinin bu teknolojilerle ilgili algılarını ve eleştirilerini ölçmek için bir anket yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılar İK departmanı görevlileri, İK konusunda uzmanlaşmış akademisyenler ve İK hakkında çeşitli düzeylerde ders almış personeldir. Bu çalışma, katılımcıların önemli bir çoğunluğunun AI, VR, AR ve Metaverse teknolojilerini İK süreçlerine entegre etmenin, özellikle eğitim, işe alım ve performans yönetimini geliştirmede faydalı olarak gördüğünü ortaya koydu. Özellikle, etik endişeler ve veri güvenliği riskleri baskın zorluklar olarak ortaya çıktı. İK'da teknolojik benimsemenin hem pozitif hem de negatif yönleri olmak üzere iki yönlü doğasını ortaya konuldu. Araştırma, demografik faktörlerin İK bağlamlarında ortaya çıkan teknolojilere ilişkin algıları nasıl etkilediğine dair istatistiksel olarak önemli içgörüler sunarak artan bilgi birikimine katkıda bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yapay Zeka
• Sanal Gerçeklik
• Artırılmış Gerçeklik
• Metaverse
• İK
• VR
• AI
• AR
• İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi

Kaynakça

1. Am, E. N., Affandi, A., Udobong, A., & Sarwani, S. (2020). Implementation of human resource management in the adaptation period for new habits. International Journal of Educational Administration, Management, and Leadership, 1(1), 19-26.
2. Bale, A. S., Ghorpade, N., Hashim, M. F., Vaishnav, J., & Almaspoor, Z. (2022). A comprehensive study on metaverse and its impacts on humans. Advances in Human-Computer Interaction, 2022.
3. Bennett, D. (2022). Remote workforce, virtual team tasks, and employee engagement tools in a real-time interoperable decentralized metaverse. Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management, 10(1), 78-91.
4. Bartlett, J. E., & Charles, S. J. (2022). Power to the People: A Beginner’s Tutorial to Power Analysis using jamovi. Meta-Psychology, 6.
5. Charlwood, A. (2021). Artificial intelligence and talent management. Digitalised talent management, 122-136.
6. Callwood,K. (2024).Virtual Reality Training Business Impacts & Benefits. Hyperspace:Metaverse For Business. https://hyperspace.mv/immersive-learnings-impact-on-employee-experience/
7. Di Pietro, R., & Cresci, S. (2021). Metaverse: Security and privacy issues. In 2021 third IEEE international conference on trust, privacy and security in intelligent systems and applications (TPS-ISA) (pp. 281-288). IEEE.
8. Dwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Baabdullah, A. M., Ribeiro-Navarrete, S., Giannakis, M., Al-Debei, M. M., ... & Wamba, S. F. (2022). Metaverse beyond the hype: Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy. International journal of information management, 66, 102542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102542

9. Edelsbrunner, P. (2017). Introducing jamovi: Free and open statistical software combining ease of use with the power of R. JEPS Bulletin. Retrieved May 28, 2022.
10. Eubanks, B. (2022). Artificial intelligence for HR: Use AI to support and develop a successful workforce. Kogan Page Publishers.
11. Far, S. B., & Rad, A. I. (2022). Applying digital twins in metaverse: User interface, security and privacy challenges. Journal of Metaverse, 2(1), 8-15.
12. Fenech, R., Baguant, P., & Ivanov, D. (2019). The changing role of human resource management in an era of digital transformation. Journal of Management Information & Decision Sciences, 22(2).
13. Getman, A. P., Yaroshenko, O. M., Demenko, O. І., Lutsenko, О. Y., & Prokopiev, R. Y. (2024). Gamification for staff motivation: Impact on work efficiency and corporate culture at the international level. Journal of Economics and Management, 46, 274-299.
14. Goplani, M., & Uppal, S. (2023). Role and Application of Emerging Artificial Intelligence Tools (Metaverse, Blockchain) in Learning and Development Domain of Human Resource Management. OPUS: HR Journal, 14(2).
15. Gulliford, F., & Dixon, A. P. (2019). AI: the HR revolution. Strategic HR Review, 18(2), 52-55.
16. Haines, V. Y., & Lafleur, G. (2008). Information technology usage and human resource roles and effectiveness. Human Resource Management: Published in Cooperation with the School of Business Administration, The University of Michigan and in alliance with the Society of Human Resources Management, 47(3), 525-540. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20230
17. Hawkins, M. (2022). Virtual employee training and skill development, workplace technologies, and deep learning computer vision algorithms in the immersive metaverse environment. Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management, 10(1), 106-120.
18. Henz, P. (2022). The psychological impact of the Metaverse. Discover Psychology, 2(1), 47.
19. Howell, D. C. (2011). Chi-Square Test: Analysis of Contingency Tables.
20. Jamovi. (2024). Jamovi. Retrieved from https://www.jamovi.org/
21. Keogh, S. (2024). Leveraging Virtual Reality to Reduce Business Travel and Enhance Environmental Sustainability. Headroom. https://www.headroom.zone/post/leveraging-virtual-reality-to-reduce-business-travel-and-enhance-environmental-sustainability
22. Lee, L. H., Braud, T., Zhou, P. Y., Wang, L., Xu, D., Lin, Z., ... & Hui, P. (2024). All one needs to know about metaverse: A complete survey on technological singularity, virtual ecosystem, and research agenda. Foundations and trends® in human-computer interaction, 18(2–3), 100-337. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2110.05352
23. Li, L., Lassiter, T., Oh, J., & Lee, M. K. (2021). Algorithmic hiring in practice: Recruiter and HR Professional's perspectives on AI use in hiring. In Proceedings of the 2021 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society (pp. 166-176).
24. Lim, D. H., Lee, J. Y., & Park, S. (2023). The Metaverse in the Workplace: Possibilities and Implications for Human Resource Development. Human Resource Development Review, 15344843231217174.
25. Michailidis, M. P. (2018). The challenges of AI and blockchain on HR recruiting practices. Cyprus Review, 30(2), 169-180.
26. Mer, A., & Srivastava, A. (2023). Employee Engagement in the New Normal: Artificial Intelligence as a Buzzword or a Game Changer?. In The Adoption and Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Human Resources Management, Part A (pp. 15-46). Emerald Publishing Limited.
27. Mystakidis, S. (2022). Metaverse. Encyclopedia, 2(1), 486-497.
28. Nyathani, R. (2023). AI-Driven HR Analytics: Unleashing the Power of HR Data Management. Journal of Technology and Systems, 5(2), 15-26.
29. Octafian, R., Suyasa, I. G. P. D., Priyanto, S. H., & Hendratono, T. (2024). Transforming hospitality with virtual reality: Technological applications for sustainable community resilience. Journal of Resilient Economies, 4(1), 26-35.
30. Pandey, S., & Khaskel, P. (2019). Application of AI in human resource management and gen Y’s reaction. Int. J. Recent Technol. Eng, 8(4), 10325-10331.
31. Panel, E. (2023). Revolutionizing Employee Training: Six Benefits Of Virtual And Augmented Reality In The Workplace. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/councils/forbeshumanresourcescouncil/2023/05/11/revolutionizing-employee-training-six-benefits-of-virtual-and-augmented-reality-in-the-workplace/
32. Rath, M., Mishra, N., & Jayasuria, J. G. (2023) A Smart Human Resource Approach using Artificial Intelligence with Improved Employee Satisfaction for Better Sustainability in Organisation. EVERGREEN Joint Journal of Novel Carbon Resource Sciences & Green Asia Strategy, 10(04), 2476-248
33. Rozak, H. A., Fachrunnisa, O., Sugiharti, Taswan, & Fitriati, I. R. (2023, August). Metaverse and Modification Needs of Human Resources Management Practices and Policies: An Overview. In International Conference on Intelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems (pp. 285-294). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
34. Setianingrum, H. W., Bisri, B., Widyastuti, T., & Fitra, S. (2023). Virtual reality technologies in a dynamic change of human resources management. Journal of Management Science (JMAS), 6(4), 673-678.
35. Shrivastava, S., & Shaw, J. B. (2003). Liberating HR through technology. Human Resource Management: Published in Cooperation with the School of Business Administration, The University of Michigan and in alliance with the Society of Human Resources Management, 42(3), 201-222.
36. Şahin, M., & Aybek, E. (2019). Jamovi: an easy to use statistical software for the social scientists. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 6(4), 670-692.
37. Vochozka, M., Horak, J., & Carey, B. (2022). Virtual Human Resource Management, Workplace Tracking and Algorithmic Monitoring Systems, and Cognitive and Affective Metrics in the Immersive Metaverse Environment. Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management, 10(2), 119-134.
38. Wang, Y., Su, Z., Zhang, N., Xing, R., Liu, D., Luan, T. H., & Shen, X. (2022). A survey on metaverse: Fundamentals, security, and privacy. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 25(1), 319-352.
39. Weiss, P. L., & Jessel, A. S. (1998). Virtual reality applications to work. Work, 11(3), 277-293.
40. Web3 Hiring (2024). The Future of Work: Using VR/AR for Remote Interviewing and Job Simulations. Linkedin:The Future of Work. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/future-work-using-vrar-remote-interviewing-job-a3ksf/
41. Yawson, R. (2020). Strategic flexibility analysis of HRD research and practice post COVID-19 pandemic. Human Resource Development International, 23(4), 406-417.
42. Yazdi, M. (2024). Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) in maintenance training. In Advances in Computational Mathematics for Industrial System Reliability and Maintainability (pp. 169-183). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
43. Zhao, R., Zhang, Y., Zhu, Y., Lan, R., Hua, Z. (2023). Metaverse: Security and Privacy Concerns. Journal of Metaverse, 3(2), 93-99. Doi:10.57019/jmv.1286526
44. Zvarikova, K., Cug, J., & Hamilton, S. (2022). Virtual human resource management in the metaverse: Immersive work environments, data visualization tools and algorithms, and behavioral analytics. Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management, 10(1), 7-20.