Yerli Türk Kazlarında Farklı Besi Yöntemleri ve Cinsiyetin Besi Performansı Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Araştırmanın hayvan materyalini yerli Türk kazları oluşturmuştur. Kaz civcivlerinin cinsiyetine bakılmaksızın ilk 4 hafta birlikte, 5 ve 6. haftalar gruplar halinde başlangıç yemi kullanılarak ad libitum olarak beslenmiştir. Altıncı haftadan itibaren 16. haftaya kadar konsantre yem, mera + arpa kırması, mera + konsantre yem ve mera olmak üzere dört besi yöntemi oluşturulmuştur. Konsantre yem, mera+arpa kırması, mera+ konsantre yem gruplarında genel canlı ağırlık artış ortalamaları sırasıyla 39.81, 37.46 ve 39.90 g; ortalama günlük yem tüketimi sırasıyla 426.95, 207.99 ve 200.76 g; yemden yararlanma oranı ise sırasıyla 10.72, 5.55 ve 5.03 olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışma sonunda canlı ağırlıklar konsantre yem, mera+ arpa kırması, mera + konsantre yem ve mera gruplarında canlı ağırlıklar sırasıyla 4209, 4108, 4239 ve 3971 g olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak kazların ortalama canlı ağırlıklarının bazı literatür verileriyle benzer ve düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bunun nedeni, çalışmada kullanılan yerli Türk kazları üzerinde herhangi bir seleksiyon çalışması yapılmamış olması olabilir. En yüksek canlı ağırlık artışı mera+yem grubunda belirlenmekle birlikte merada ekonomik olarak beslenen kazların diğer gruplara benzer şekilde canlı ağırlık artışı sağlaması nedeniyle mera besisi yapılmasının daha uygun olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır. Kaz yetiştiriciliğinde sadece konsantre yemle beslemenin ekonomik olmadığı ve diğer gruplara göre çok fazla günlük canlı ağırlık artışı sağlamadığı belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Besi performansı
• besi yöntemi
• yerli Türk kazı
• cinsiyet

The Effects of Different Fattening Methods and Sex on Fattening Performance in Native Turkish Geese

Abstract

The animal material of the study consisted of native Turkish geese. Regardless of the sex of the chicks, the first 4 wk of age were fed together, and the 5 and 6 week of age were fed ad libitum in groups using the starter feed. From the sixth wk onwards, four fattening method were formed until the 16 week of age as feed, pasture + cracked barley, pasture + feed and pasture. In the feed, pasture + cracked barley, pasture + feed groups, general body weight increase averages are 39.81, 37.46 and 39.90 g, respectively; average feed daily consumption is 426.95, 207.99 and 200.76 g, respectively; feed conversion ratio were 10.72, 5.55 and 5.03, respectively. At the end of the study, body weights were determined as 4209, 4108, 4239 and 3971 g in the feed, pasture + cracked barley, pasture + feed groups and pasture groups, respectively (P<0.01). As a result, the average body weight of geese was found to be similar with some literature data, which is lower than some literature data. This may be due to the fact that the geese used in the study are native Turkish geese and no selection studies have been performed on them. Although the highest body weight increase was determined in the pasture + feed group, it was concluded that it would be more appropriate to make pasture feed since the geese fed economically in the pasture provide body weight increase similar to other groups. It was determined that fattening with only feed is not economical for goose breeding and does not provide much daily weight gain compared to other groups.

Keywords

• Fattening methods
• fattening performance
• native Turkish goose
• sex

Kaynakça

1. 1.Saatcı M, Tilki M, Sarı M, Şahan Yapıcıer Ö. Her Yönüyle Kaz Yetiştiriciliği. Antalya: Kutlu&Avcı Ofset Ltd. Şti.; 2021.
2. 2.Tilki M, Saatcı M. Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de Kaz Yetiştiriciliği. Türkiye Klinikleri J Reprod Artif Insemin-Special Topics. 2016;2(1):27-34.
3. 3.Saatcı M, Arslan C, Ünal Y, et. al. Effect of fattening length, sex and feather colour on growth and fattening performance in Native Turkish Geese. Eurasian J Vet Sci. 2011;27(3):183-189.
4. 4.Tilki M, Gül B, Sarı M, Önk K, Işık S. Yetiştirici koşullarındaki yerli Türk kazlarının büyüme, kesim ve karkas özellikleri. Atatürk Üniv Vet Bil Derg. 2011;6(3):209-215.
5. 5.Boz MA, Sarıca M, Yamak US. Production traits of artificially and naturally hatched geese in intensive and free-range systems: I. Growth traits. Bri Poult Sci. 2017;58(2):132-138.
6. 6.Boğa Kuru B, Kırmızıbayrak T, Cengiz MM, Yazıcı K. The effect of gender on growth performance, live weight gain, growth pattern modeling and survival rate in Turkish native geese of the Kars region. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research, 2024; 8(1):19-28.
7. 7.Saatcı M. Effects of age, sex, feather colour, body measurements, and body weight on down and feather yield in native Turkish geese. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 2008;32(4):293-297.
8. 8.Tilki M, Şahin T, Sarı M, et. al. Effect of age and sex on fattening performance and carcass characteristics of Native Turkish Geese. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2009;15(2):245-250.

9. 9.İnal Ş. Biyometri. Konya: Selçuk Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Yayın Ünitesi, 1998.
10. 10.NRC. Nutritient reguirements of poultry. 9nd ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1994.
11. 11.Knizetova H, Hyanek J, Veselsky A. Analysis of growth curves of fowl. III. Geese. Bri Poult Sci. 1994;35(3):335-344.
12. 12.Ünal Y, Kaya İ, Saatcı M, et. al. Farklı protein düzeylerinde beslemenin kazlarda besi performansına etkisi. Lalahan Hay Arast Enst Derg. 2005;45(1):33-39.
13. 13.Aksu Elmalı D, Kaya İ. Farklı düzeylerde enerji-protein içeren rasyonlarla beslemenin kazlarda besi performansı ve karkas özelliklerine etkisi. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2008;14(2):123-128.
14. 14.Tilki M, İnal Ş. Türkiye’de yetiştirilen değişik orjinli kazların verim özellikleri II. Büyüme özellikleri. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 2004;28(1):157-163.
15. 15.Fortin A, Grunder AA, Chambers JR, Hamilton RMG. Live and carcass characteristics of four strains of male and female geese slaughtered at 173, 180, and 194 days of age. Poult. Sci. 1983;62(7):1217-1223.
16. 16.Lui ZJ, Chu HH, Wu YC, Yang SK. Effect of two step time-restricted feeding on the fattening traits in geese. Asian Australas J Anim Sci. 2014;27(6):841-846.
17. 17.Tilki M, Saatcı M, Kırmızıbayrak T, Aksoy AR. Effect of age on growth and carcass composition of Native Turkish Geese. Arch Geflügelk. 2005; 69 (2): 77-83.
18. 18.Eroglu M, Erisir Z. The effects of breeder age and hatching period on fattening performance and carcass characteristics in geese. Emir J Food Agric. 2021;33(12):1028-1037.
19. 19.Şahin T, Tilki M, Kaya İ, et. al. Effect of different protein levels for finishing period on fattening performance and carcass traits in Native Turkish Geese. J Anim and Vet Adv. 2008;7(11):1364-1369.
20. 20.Rayan GN, Makram A, Hanafy A, et. al. Carcass traits of geese (Anser anser) as affected by age, gender and their interactions. Indian J Anim Res. 2022;56(11):1416-1421.
21. 21.Tumova E, Uhlirova L. The evaloation of meat yield and physycal properties in the Czech goose and the commercial hybrid the Novohradska Goose. Maso Int J Food Sci and Tech. 2013;3(2):133-138.
22. 22.Akbaş AA, Sarı M, Buğdaycı KE, Saatcı M. The effect of sex and slaughter age on growth, slaughter, and carcass characteristics in Lindovskaya geese reared under breeder conditions. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 2020;44(5):1087-1092.
23. 23.Kucharska-Gaca J, Adamski M, Biesek J. Effect of parent flock age on hatching, growth rate, and features of both sexes goose carcasses. Poult Sci. 2022; 101(8):101920.
24. 24.Lin MJ, Chang SC, Lin LJ, et. al. Effect of the age and sex on growth performance and feather quality of 13 to 25-weeks-old White Roman geese. Poult Sci. 2023; 102: 102941.
25. 25.Boz MA, Sarıca M. Growth Performance, Slaughter and Carcass Traits in White and Multicolour Native Geese. IJAPOB. 2021;2(1):17-22.
26. 26.Guy G, Rousselot-Pailley D, Rozinski A, Rouvier R. Comparasion of meat geese performance fed with or without grass. Arch Geflügelk. 1996;60(5): 217-221.
27. 27.Arroyo J, Auvergne A, Dubois JP, et. al. The influence of loose-mix feding on behavior, feed intake and body weight of growing geese. Poult Sci. 2013;92(6):1454-1460.
28. 28.Uhlirova L, Tumova E, Chodova D. Fatty acid composition of goose meat depending on genotype and sex. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2019;32(1):137-143.
29. 29.Abou-Kassem DE, Ashour EA, Alagawany M, et. al. Effect of feed form and dietary protein level on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing geese. Poult Sci. 2019;98(2):761-770.
30. 30.Mancinelli AC, Mattioli S, Dal Bosco A, et. al. Rearing Romagnola geese in vineyard: pasture and antioxidant intake, performance, carcass and meat quality. Italian J Anim Sci. 2019;18(1):372-380.
31. 31.Wang C, Huang Y, Zhao X, et. al. Nutritive value of sorghum dried distillers grains with solubles and its effect on performance in geese. J Poult Sci. 2018;55(1):54-59.
32. 32.Liu ZL, Huang XF, Luo Y, et al. Effect of dry and wet feed on growth performance, carcass traits, and apparent nutrient digestibility in geese. J Appl Poult Res. 2019;28(4):1115-1120.
33. 33.Elminowska-Wenda A, Rosinski A, Klosowska D, Guy G. Effect of feeding system (intensive vs. semi-intensive) on growth rate, microstructural characteristics of pecroralis muscle and carcass parameters of the white Italian geese. Arch Geflügelk. 1997;61(3):117-119.
34. 34.Arroyo J, Auvergne A, Dubois JP, et. al. Influence of feeding sorghum on the growth, gizzard development and carcass traits of growing geese. Animal. 2012;6(10):1583-1589.
35. 35.Chen X, Yang H, Wang Z. The effect of different dietary levels of defatted rice bran on growth performance, slaughter performance, serum biochemical parameters, and relative weights of the Viscera in geese. Animals. 2019;9(12):1040.
36. 36.Wang C, Liu ZL, Xue JJ, Wang YM, et. al. Effect of stocking density on growth performance, feather quality, carcass traits, and muscle chemical component of geese from 49 to 70 days of age. J Appl Poult Res. 2019;28(4):1297-1304.
37. 37.Ölmez M, Şahin T, Özlem et. al. Effect of probiotic mixture supplementation to drinking water on the growth performance, carcass parameters and serum biochemical parameters in native Turkish geese. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2022;28(1):131-138.
38. 38.Aslan R, Öztürk E. Effects of maize silage feeding on wth performance, carcass characteristics, digestive system length, chemical composition, and meat quality of domestic geese. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2022;54(5):325.
39. wth performance, carcass characteristics, digestive system length, chemical composition, and meat quality of domestic geese. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2022;54(5):325. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03313-5.