Nijerya, Enugu Eyaleti, Nsukka'daki Tavuk Yetiştiricilerinin Antimikrobiyal Dirence İlişkin Bilgi ve Uygulamaları

Öz

Hayvancılıkta antimikrobiyal kullanımı, antimikrobiyal direnç (AMR) gen seçimine ve tedavi edilen hayvanların mikrobiyotasında birikime neden olmaktadır. Bu durum gıda zincirinde son bulmakta ve toplumdaki ilaç direncine büyük ölçüde katkıda bulunmaktadır. Kanatlı hayvanlarda antimikrobiyal direnç için risk faktörleri üzerine yapılan çalışmalar, veri sağlama ve uygun kontrol önlemlerinin tasarlanması açısından faydalı olabilir. Bu çalışmada Nijerya'nın Enugu Eyaleti, Nsukka'daki tavuk çiftliklerinde AMR'yi etkileyen bilgi ve uygulamalar değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma alanındaki 44 tavuk yetiştiricisine yarı yapılandırılmış ve önceden test edilmiş bir anket uygulanmıştır. Yetiştiricilerin %90,91'i aşırı antimikrobiyal kullanımının antimikrobiyal direncin oluşumuna katkıda bulunduğunun farkındaydı. Çiftliklerin %70'inden fazlası temel hijyen ve biyogüvenlik tesislerinden/önlemlerinden yoksundu. Yetiştiricilerin %60'ı ölü tavukları gömmüş, tamamı (%100) gübrelerini daha sonra araziye atmak üzere paketlemiş ve %50'si son kullanma tarihi geçmiş, kullanılmamış/kullanılmış ilaç paketlerini en yakın çalılık araziye atmıştır. Antimikrobiyal kullanımının yaklaşık %65, %100 ve %90'ı sırasıyla büyümeyi teşvik etme, profilaktik amaçlar ve tedavi amaçlıydı. Son olarak, yetiştiricilerin sadece %18,18'i ürünlerini imha etmeden önce atılım sürelerine dikkat etmiştir. Çalışma, yetiştiricilerin "basit bir çözüm" olarak veya kötü yönetim uygulamalarını telafi etmek için non-terapotik antimikrobiyaller kullandığını ortaya koymuştur. Toplumdaki ilaç direncine katkılarının farkında olmaları için yetiştiricilerin daha fazla eğitilmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antibiyotik kullanımı
• antimikrobiyel direnç
• bilgi
• tavuk çiftliği
• Uygulamalar

Knowledge and Practices of Poultry Farmers Contributing to Antimicrobial Resistance in Nsukka

Öz

Antimicrobial use in animal husbandry has been ascribed to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene selection and build-up in treated animals' microbiota. This ends up in the food chain and contributes immensely to drug resistance in the society. Studies on risk factors for antimicrobial resistance in poultry can be useful in providing data and designing appropriate control measures. This study therefore assessed the knowledge and practices affecting AMR in poultry farms in Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. A semi-structured and pre-tested questionnaire was administered to 44 poultry farmers in the study area. Among the farmers, 90.91% were aware that excessive antimicrobial use contributes to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. More than 70% of the farms lacked basic hygiene and biosecurity facilities/measures. Sixty percent of the farmers buried their dead birds, all (100%) packaged their dung for subsequent land disposal, and 50% dumped expired, unused/used drug packets in the nearest bush. About 65, 100, and 90% of antimicrobial usage were for growth promotion, prophylactic purposes, and therapeutic purposes, respectively. Finally, only 18.18% observed withdrawal periods before disposal of their products. The study found that the farmers used non-therapeutic antimicrobials as a "simple fix" or to compensate for poor management practices. There is need to further educate the farmers on the contributions of their activities to drug resistance in the society.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Antibiotic use
• antimicrobial resistance
• poultry farm
• knowledge
• practices

Kaynakça

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