Japon Bıldırcınlarında (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Dalak ve Bursa Fabricius’ un Histomorfolojik Değerlendirmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 3, 153 - 159, 25.12.2025

Füsun Erhan Baycumendur , Sema Uslu , Elif Nur Taş Kepenek

https://doi.org/10.17094/vetsci.1763794

Öz

Bu çalışma, erkek Japon bıldırcınlarında bursa Fabricius ve dalak dokularının histolojik ve histokimyasal özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi ve mevcut morfolojik verilerin literatürle karşılaştırmalı olarak sunulması amacıyla tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmada, altı adet yetişkin erkek Japon bıldırcını kullanıldı. Bursa Fabricius ve dalaktan alınan doku örnekleri işlendi ve Masson Trichrome, Periyodik Asit-Schiff (PAS), Toluidin Mavisi ve Hematoksilen-Eozin kombinasyonu, Verhoeff Van Gieson ve Gordon-Sweets boyama yöntemleri kullanılarak ışık mikroskobu altında histolojik olarak incelendi. Histolojik değerlendirmelerde bursa Fabricius’un tunika mukoza, tunika muscularis ve tunika serozadan oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Bıldırcınlarda birçok kanatlı türüne benzer biçimde mukoza tabakasında plika yapılarının bulunduğu ve bu plikaların interfoliküler epitel (IFE) ile folikül ile ilişkili epitel (FAE) olmak üzere iki farklı epitel tipinden oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Lenfoid foliküller, bağ dokusu çerçevesini oluşturan retiküler ve elastik liflerle desteklenen, sınırları belirsiz bir korteks ve medulladan oluşuyordu. Dalak, beyaz ve kırmızı pulpa arasında keskin bir ayrım olmaksızın, diğer kümes hayvanı türlerine benzer histolojik özellikler gösteriyordu. Beyaz pulpada periarteriolar lenfoid kılıflar (PALS) ve periellipsoidal lenfoid kılıflar (PELS) mevcutken, kırmızı pulpayı venöz sinüzoidler ve retiküler lif ağları karakterize ediyordu. Her iki organda da mast hücreleri dağınık bir dağılım göstermiştir. PAS boyaması zayıf pozitiflik sergilemiştir. Japon bıldırcınlarında bursa Fabricius ve dalağın histolojik ve histokimyasal organizasyonu diğer kanatlı türlerine oldukça benzemekte olup, bu durum kuşların immünolojik süreçlerinin anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bursa fabricius , dalak , histokimya , histomorfoloji

Histomorphological Evaluation of the Spleen and Bursa of Fabricius in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

Öz

This study aimed to evaluate the histological and histochemical characteristics of the bursa of Fabricius and spleen in male Japanese quail and to compare the results with previous literature. Six adult male Japanese quail were used. Tissue samples from the bursa of Fabricius and spleen were processed and examined histologically using Masson Trichrome, Periodic Acid–Schiff (PAS), Toluidine Blue combined with Hematoxylin–Eosin, Verhoeff Van Gieson, and Gordon-Sweets staining methods under a light microscope. The bursa of Fabricius was composed of tunica serosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica mucosa. Plicae were observed, lined by two epithelial types: interfollicular epithelium (pseudostratified columnar) and follicle-associated epithelium (single-layered columnar). Lymphoid follicles consisted of a cortex and medulla with indistinct boundaries, supported by reticular and elastic fibers that formed the connective tissue framework. The spleen displayed histological features similar to those of other poultry species, with no sharp distinction between white and red pulp. Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS) and periellipsoidal lymphoid sheaths (PELS) were present in the white pulp, while venous sinusoids and reticular fiber networks characterized the red pulp. Mast cells showed scattered distribution in both organs and exhibited weak positivity in PAS staining.The histological and histochemical organization of the bursa of Fabricius and spleen in Japanese quail closely resembles that of other poultry species, contributing to the understanding of avian immunological processes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bursa fabricius , histochemistry , histomorphology , spleen

Etik Beyan

The study was approved by the Animal Experiments Ethics Committee of Sivas Cumhuriyet University (17.06.2025, 2025/59 Number Ethics Committee Decision).

Kaynakça

• 1. Lansford R, Cheng KM. The Japanese quail. The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory and Other Research Animals. 2024:762-786.
• 2. Jacobsen ML, Jaspers VL, Ciesielski TM, et al. Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) liver and thyroid gland histopathology as a result of in ovo exposure to the flame retardants tris (1, 3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate and Dechlorane Plus. J Toxicol Environmental Health, Part A. 2017;80(9):525-531.
• 3. Oguz I, Minvielle F, F. Effects of genetics and breeding on carcass and meat quality of japanese quail: A review. presented at: 15 European symposium on the quality of poultry meat; 2001-09-09 2001; Kusadasi, Turkey.
• 4. Abdelfattah MG, Hussein MT, Ragab SM, Khalil NSA, Attaai AH. The effects of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) roots on the reproductive aspects in male Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). BMC Vet Res. 2023;19(1):34.
• 5. Alabdallah ZA. Morphological and histological comparison of the internal organs of birds. Clin Rev Case Rep. 2024;3(1).
• 6. Gülmez N, Aslan Ş. Histological and Histometrical Investigations on Bursa of Fabricius andThymus of Native Geese. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 1999;23(2):163-172.
• 7. Hammer D. The immune system in chickens. Avian Pathol. 1974;3(2):65-78.
• 8. Maiser S, Salah M, Salah A, Al-tikriti SSA. Histological structures of liver and Bursa of Fabricius in two-line selection female and male Japanese quail Coturnix japonica. TJAS. 2024;24(3):244-255.
• 9. Szőcs E, Balic A, Soós Á, Halasy V, Nagy N. Characterization and ontogeny of a novel lymphoid follicle inducer cell during development of the bursa of Fabricius. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1449117.
• 10. Onyeanusi B, Ezeokoli C, Onyeanusi J, Ema A. The anatomy of the cloacal bursa (bursa of Fabricius) in the helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris galeata). Wiley Online Library; 1993. p. 212-221.
• 11. Arakawa H, Hauschild J, Buerstedde J-M. Requirement of the activation-induced deaminase (AID) gene for immunoglobulin gene conversion. Science. 2002;295(5558):1301-1306.
• 12. Kadam S, Waghaye J, Thakur P. Histomorphological study of spleen in post–hatched Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). J Entomol Zool Stud. 2019;7(1):1581-1585.
• 13. Puebla-Osorio N, Sarchio SN, Ullrich SE, Byrne SN. Detection of infiltrating mast cells using a modified toluidine blue staining. Fibrosis: Methods Protocols. 2017:213-222.
• 14. Bancroft JD, Gamble M. Theory and practice of histological techniques. 5th. Edinburgh Churchill Livingstone Pub. 2002;172(5):593-620.
• 15. Funk PE, Palmer JL. Dynamic control of B lymphocyte development in the bursa of fabricius. AITE. 2003;51(6):389-398.
• 16. Sorour HK, Hosny RA, Elmasry DM. Effect of peppermint oil and its microemulsion on necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens. Vet World. 2021;14(2):483.
• 17. Kadam SD, Waghaye JY, Thakur PN. Age related histomorphological study of bursa of fabricius in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) J Entomol Zool Stud. 2020;8(2):369-374.
• 18. Şenol N, Yeşil Ö. Kınalı Keklik (Alectoris chukar) ve Sülün (Phasianus colchicus) Türlerinde Timus ve Bursa Fabricius Dokularının Histolojik Açıdan İncelenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Univ Fac Arts Sci J Sci. 2022;17(2):532-542.
• 19. Houssaint E, Diez E, Hallet M-M. The bursal microenvironment: phenotypic characterization of the epithelial component of the bursa of Fabricius with the use of monoclonal antibodies. Immunology. 1986;58(1):43.
• 20. Nagy N, Magyar A, Tóth M, Oláh I. Quail as the chimeric counterpart of the chicken: morphology and ontogeny of the bursa of Fabricius. J Morphol. 2004;259(3):328-339.
• 21. Karaca T, Yörük M, Uslu S. Hindi lenfoid organlarında (timus, dalak ve bursa fabricius) yaşa bağlı olarak mast hücrelerinin dağılımı ve heterojenitesi. YYU Vet Fak Derg. 2006;17(1):5-8.
• 22. Mustafa FE-ZA, El-Desoky SM. Architecture and cellular composition of the spleen in the Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica). Microsc Microanal. 2020;26(3):589-598.
• 23. Reshag AF, Hamza RA. Anatomical and histological changes in the spleen of post hatching indigenous chicken in Iraq. Iraqi J Vet Med. 2017;41(2):174-178.
• 24. Kara A, Özdemir D, Balkaya H, Kara H, Özüdoğru Z. Investigation of morphological and histological structure of red-legged partridge (Alectoris Chukar) spleen. Atatürk Üniv Vet Bil Derg. 2021;16(1):57-62.
• 25. Zhang Q, Chen B, Yang P, et al. Identification and structural composition of the blood–spleen barrier in chickens. Vet J. 2015;204(1):110-116.
• 26. Nasu T, SHIMIZU K, NAKAI M. Morphological study of the dove spleen. Poult Sci. 1992;71(9):1527-1530.
• 27. Hashimoto Y, Sugimura M. Histological and quantitative studies on the postnatal growth of the duck spleen. Jap J Vet Res.1977;25(3-4):71-82.