ORMAN ENDÜSTRİSİNDE LOJİSTİK MALİYET: BİR VAKA ÇALIŞMASI ANALİZİ

Öz

Orman ürünleri sektörü, özellikle kırsal kesimde istihdam yaratma ve bölgesel kalkınmaya katkıda bulunma rolü nedeniyle Türk ekonomisinde stratejik bir konuma sahiptir. Bu sektörün sürdürülebilirliği sadece üretim kapasitesine değil, aynı zamanda hammaddelerden nihai ürünlere kadar uzanan lojistik süreçlerinin verimliliğine de bağlıdır. Türkiye İstatistik Enstitüsü ve Orman Genel Müdürlüğü verileri, lojistik maliyetlerinin en büyük payını ulaşım giderlerinin oluşturduğunu göstermektedir. Dağlık ve engebeli arazisiyle karakterize edilen Artvin ili, coğrafi koşullar nedeniyle bu maliyetlerin daha da arttığı bir bölge olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Artvin'de faaliyet gösteren bir orman ürünleri firmasının lojistik maliyet yapısını incelemek ve gerçek firma düzeyindeki verilere dayanarak bu maliyetleri etkileyen faktörleri analiz etmektir. Veri setinin yapısı ve sınırlamaları göz önünde bulundurularak, “Maliyet Yapısı Analizi” ve “Vaka Çalışması” yaklaşımı benimsenmiştir. Artvin'den farklı taşıma mesafelerini kapsayan lojistik operasyon verileri kullanılarak, kapasite kullanım oranları, boş dönüş riskleri ve teknolojik dönüşüm senaryoları analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, toplam lojistik maliyetlerinin yaklaşık %70-80'inin doğrudan ulaşım giderlerinden kaynaklandığını ortaya koymaktadır. Senaryo analizleri, araç kapasite kullanımının ağırlık bazında yaklaşık %50'de kaldığı durumlarda birim maliyetlerin neredeyse %100 arttığını ve hacim-ağırlık dengesizliğinin maliyet faktörü olarak kritik rolünü vurgulamaktadır. Dahası, dizel araçların elektrikli araçlarla değiştirildiği gelecek projeksiyonları, toplam lojistik maliyetlerinin yaklaşık %20 oranında azaltılabileceğini göstermektedir. Analiz ayrıca, yatırım geri ödeme mesafesinin yaklaşık 480.480 km olduğunu ve dizel yakıt fiyatlarının litre başına 68 TL'yi aşması durumunda firmanın zarar edeceğini tahmin etmektedir. Genel olarak, çalışma, dinamik fiyatlandırma, geri dönüş yükü organizasyonu ve yeşil lojistiğe geçişin Artvin orman endüstrisinin rekabet gücünü artırmak için gerekli olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Orman Endüstrisi
• Lojistik Maliyet
• Boş Yük
• Kapasite Kullanımı
• Elektrikli Araçlar

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, Murat ŞAHİN'in Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği Bölümü'nde hazırladığı "Orman Endüstrisinde Lojistik Maliyet Analizi: Artvin İli Örneği" başlıklı yüksek lisans tezinden üretilmiştir.

LOGISTICS COST IN THE FOREST INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY ANALYSIS

Öz

The forest products industry holds a strategic position in the Turkish economy, particularly due to its role in creating employment in rural areas and contributing to regional development. The sustainability of this sector depends not only on production capacity but also on the efficiency of logistics processes extending from raw materials to final products. Data from the Turkish Statistical Institute and the General Directorate of Forestry indicate that transportation expenses constitute the largest share of logistics costs. Artvin province, characterized by its mountainous and rugged terrain, stands out as a region where these costs are further amplified due to geographical conditions. The main objective of this study is to examine the logistics cost structure of a forest industry firm operating in Artvin and to analyze the factors affecting these costs based on real firm-level data. Considering the structure and limitations of the dataset, a “Cost Structure Analysis” and a “Case Study” approach were adopted. Using logistics operation data covering different transport distances from Artvin, capacity utilization rates, empty return risks, and technological transformation scenarios were analyzed. The results reveal that approximately 70–80% of total logistics costs arise directly from transportation expenses. Scenario analyses show that when vehicle capacity utilization remains at around 50% by weight, unit costs increase by nearly 100%, highlighting the critical role of volume–weight imbalance as a cost factor. Moreover, future projections in which diesel vehicles are replaced with electric vehicles indicate that total logistics costs could be reduced by about 20%. The analysis also estimates that the investment payback distance is approximately 480,480 km and that the firm would incur losses if diesel fuel prices exceed 68 TL per liter. Overall, the study demonstrates that dynamic pricing, backhaul (return load) organization, and a transition toward green logistics are essential to enhance the competitiveness of the Artvin forest industry.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Forest Industry
• Logistics Cost
• Deadhead
• Capacity Utilization
• Electric Vehicles
• Artvin

Teşekkür

This study was produced from Murat ŞAHİN's master thesis titled "Logistics Cost Analysis in the Forest Industry: A Case Study in Artvin Province" at the Department of Forest Industrial Engineering, Institute of Graduate Education, Artvin Çoruh University

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