Gluten-Free Diet in Celiac Disease: Nutrient Imbalances and Alternative Grain Sources

Öz

Celiac disease is a chronic, autoimmune disorder of the small intestine that develops in genetically predisposed individuals through the immune system due to gluten intake. The disease is triggered by the consumption of gluten found in grains such as wheat, barley and rye, and as gluten intake continues, it causes damage to the villi in the intestinal mucosa, impaired nutrient absorption and various symptoms. Currently, the only known effective treatment for celiac disease is a strict gluten-free diet that must be maintained for life. However, complete elimination of gluten from the diet may lead to energy, fiber, vitamin and mineral deficiencies due to the lack of adequate food alternatives to replace wheat and similar grains. The aim of this review is to reveal possible nutrient deficiencies that may be observed in individuals following a gluten-free diet, to evaluate strategies to prevent these deficiencies and to discuss alternative gluten-free food sources. In particular, some gluten-free cereals and pseudocereals with functional properties have significant potential to improve the nutritional quality of gluten-free diets. This study aims to support healthcare professionals, dietitians and celiac patients in planning an adequate and balanced diet during the gluten-free diet.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Celiac disease
• gluten-free diet
• nutrient imbalances
• functional grains
• pseudocereals

Destekleyen Kurum

None

Etik Beyan

This study is a review article and does not involve any experiments on humans or animals. Therefore, no ethical committee approval was required. There are no data collection procedures, interventions, or experimental applications that would necessitate ethical clearance. All sources used in the manuscript have been properly cited in accordance with scientific research and publication ethics. The author(s) declare that there is no conflict of interest. This manuscript has not been published previously and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Teşekkür

None

Çölyak Hastalığında Glutensiz Diyet: Besin Dengesizlikleri ve Alternatif Tahıl Kaynakları

Öz

Çölyak hastalığı, genetik yatkınlığı olan bireylerde gluten alımına bağlı olarak bağışıklık sistemi aracılığıyla gelişen kronik ve otoimmün bir ince bağırsak bozukluğudur. Bu hastalık, buğday, arpa ve çavdar gibi tahıllarda bulunan glutenin tüketilmesiyle tetiklenir ve gluten alımı sürdükçe bağırsak mukozasında villusların zarar görmesine, besin emiliminde bozulmalara ve çeşitli semptomlara neden olur. Günümüzde çölyak hastalığının bilinen tek etkili tedavisi, ömür boyu sürdürülmesi gereken katı bir glutensiz diyettir. Ancak glutenin diyetten tamamen çıkarılması, buğday ve benzeri tahılların yerini alabilecek yeterli sayıda besin alternatifi olmaması nedeniyle enerji, posa, vitamin ve mineral eksikliklerine yol açabilir. Bu derlemenin amacı, glutensiz diyet uygulayan bireylerde görülebilecek olası besin ögesi yetersizliklerini ortaya koymak, bu eksikliklerin önlenmesine yönelik stratejileri değerlendirmek ve alternatif glutensiz gıda kaynaklarını ele almaktır. Özellikle fonksiyonel özelliklere sahip glutensiz tahıllar ve psödotahıllar, glutensiz beslenmenin besin kalitesini artırmada önemli potansiyel taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, çölyak hastalarında besin ögesi dengesizliklerini değerlendirmek ve glutensiz tahılların besin içerikleri ile sağlık faydalarını inceleyerek, glutensiz diyet uygulamalarında dengeli ve yeterli beslenme sağlanmasına rehberlik etmektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çölyak hastalığı
• Glutensiz diyet
• Besin ögesi dengesizlikleri
• Fonksiyonel tahıllar
• Psödotahıllar

Destekleyen Kurum

Yoktur

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma bir derleme makalesi olup, insan veya hayvan deneyi gerektiren herhangi bir uygulama içermemektedir. Çalışmada etik kurul izni gerektiren bir veri toplama süreci, deneysel uygulama veya müdahale bulunmamaktadır. Makalede kullanılan tüm kaynaklar bilimsel araştırma ve yayın etiği kurallarına uygun olarak belirtilmiştir. Yazar(lar)ın çalışmada herhangi bir çıkar çatışması bulunmamaktadır. Bu makale daha önce hiçbir yerde yayımlanmamış olup eş zamanlı olarak başka bir dergiye gönderilmemiştir.

Teşekkür

Yoktur

Kaynakça

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