Yield Performance in Different Agroecological Conditions and Determination of Winter Hardiness in Wheat Landraces from Turkey, Iran and Afghanistan

Öz

This study was conducted to determine the yield performance and winter hardiness of 66 wheat landraces with different genetic origins (Turkey, Iran, and Afghanistan) and 5 bread wheat varieties registered by the Eastern Anatolian Agricultural Research Institute under contrasting climatic conditions (Erzurum and Şanlıurfa). Location-based yield performance of the genotypes was evaluated using K-Means Clustering Analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The analysis results revealed that the genotypes were divided into four main performance groups and that there was a strong Genotype × Environment (G×E) interaction between locations. It was determined that 40% of the Afghan landraces were in "Group 1" (High Yield / Broad Adaptation), exhibiting high phenotypic plasticity, while the Iranian materials showed more specific adaptation to the Erzurum location. Winter hardiness studies conducted under controlled conditions determined the survival percentages of the material at -17°C, -19°C, and -21°C relative to LT50 (mortality temperature 50%). All registered varieties survived at -19°C, while only 10 landraces (9 from Turkey and 1 from Iran) survived at -17°C. It was concluded that including lanraces in hybridization programs with registered varieties would contribute to the development of new winter-hardy and high-yielding varieties.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Wheat
• landraces
• yield
• winter hardiness
• breeding

Destekleyen Kurum

TAGEM

Proje Numarası

TAGEM/TBAD/E/20/A7/P1/1743

Teşekkür

We would like to thank TAGEM which supported the project in which this article was produced, and Konya BDUTAE, the IWWIP coordinator, which provided the wheat landraces used in the project.

Türkiye, İran ve Afganistan Kökenli Yerel Buğday Genotiplerinin Farklı Agroekolojik Koşullardaki Tane Verimleri ve Kışa Dayanıklılık Dercelerinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, farklı genetik orijinlere sahip (Türkiye, İran ve Afganistan) 66 yerel bğday genotipi ve Doğu Anadolu Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü tarafından tescil ettirilmiş 5 ekmeklik buğday çeşidinin zıt iklim koşullarında (Erzurum ve Şanlıurfa) verim performanslarını ve kışa dayanıklılık derecelerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Genotiplerin lokasyon bazlı verim performansları K-Means Kümeleme Analizi ve Temel Bileşenler Analizi (PCA) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz sonuçları, genotiplerin dört ana performans grubuna ayrıldığını ve lokasyonlar arasında güçlü bir Genotip × Çevre (G×E) etkileşimi olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Afganistan kökenli yerel popülasyonların %40’ının "Grup 1" (Yüksek Verim / Geniş Adaptasyon) içerisinde yer alarak yüksek fenotipik plastisite sergilediği, İran materyallerinin ise daha çok Erzurum lokasyonuna spesifik adaptasyon gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Kontrollü koşullarda yürütülen kışa dayanıklılık çalışmaları ile materyalin -170C, -190C ve -210C’lerde LT50’ye göre (ölüm sıcaklığı %50) gösterdikleri canlılık yüzdeleri belirlenmiştir. LT50’ye göre (ölüm sıcaklığı %50) tescilli çeşitlerin tamamı -19°C’de buna karşılık yalnız 9’u Türkiye, 1’i İran’dan olmak üzere 10 yerel genotip -17 0C’de canlılıklarını devam ettirebilmişlerdir. Yüksek verime sahip yerel genotipler ile tescilli çeşitlerinin melezleme programlarına alınması kışa dayanıklı ve yüksek verimli yeni çeşitlerinin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Buğday
• yerel genotip
• verim
• kışa dayanıklılık
• ıslah

Destekleyen Kurum

TAGEM

Proje Numarası

TAGEM/TBAD/E/20/A7/P1/1743

Teşekkür

Makalenin üretildiği projeyi destekleyen TAGEM'e ve projede kullanılan yerel buğday genotiplerini sağlayan IWWIP koordinatörü Konya BDUTAE'ne teşekkür ederiz.

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