Sporcularda Hedef Bağlılığı Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 140 - 159, 23.04.2024

Ömer Faruk Koca

Öz

Spor alanındaki başarıyı artırmak hedeflendiğinde, sadece fiziksel değil psikolojik etkenlerin de önemli olduğunu Konter (2003)’de ortaya koymuştur. Locke ve ark.(1981) hedefleri “belirli bir zaman içinde, görevde kazanmaya özel standartlaşmış beceri” olarak tanımlarlar. Sonuç hedefleri, maçı veya müsabakayı kazanma, müsabaka sonucunda madalya kazanma ya da rakipten yüksek skora ulaşma gibi müsabaka sonucuna odaklanır. Sonuçta, rakibe üstün gelmek, sporcunun müsabaka içinde oyun becerisine ve yeteneğinin dışında sadece kişisel çabasına bağlıdır. Hedef belirlemenin üst seviyede performansı arttırdığının göstergesidir. Weinberg ve Gould Locke'un bir hedefi "bireyin başarmaya çalıştığı şeyin nesnesi veya bireyin eyleminin hedefi " olarak tanımladığını belirtmişlerdir. "Hedefler bizleri yeni daha yüksek ufuklara taşır. Gözlerimize odaklanmayı, zihnimize nişan almayı ve gücümüze amaç katarlar. Diğer alanlarda olduğu gibi spor alanında da yapılan araştırmalar hedef belirlemenin verimin artması ve başarıya ulaşılması için önemli bir izlem olduğunu ortaya koymuştur (Horn, T., 2008; Singer, R., Hauseblas, H. & Janelle, C., 2001). Sporcu bir hedefe bağlandığında ise belirlenen hedef için gerekli gayreti ve çabayı göstermesine neden olabilmektedir. Sporcu bu durumda kişisel antrenman hedefleri belirleyerek performansını yüksek seviyelere çıkarabilir ve başarılı olmak konusunda sonuca hedefleri doğrultusunda varabilir. Hedef tayin edilme süreci tamamlandıktan sonra sporcu bir tür bağlılık geliştirir. Sporculara belirli bir hedef belirlendiğinde hedefe ulaşmak ve başarılı olmak için efor süresinin arttığı da görülmüştür. Hâlbuki hedeflenen beceriyi geliştirmek için çok uzun süreler çaba sarf etmek ve çalışmak gereklidir. Hedef belirlenmesi ve hedef bağlılığının olması neticesinde sporcunun uzun süreler pes etmeden, sıkılmadan, yılgınlık duymadan bu şutu başarılı gerçekleştirmek için çalışmasını sağlayabilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Spor, Hedef, Hedef Bağlılığı

Teşekkür

Yavuz ÖNTÜRK

Kaynakça

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