Sporda Karanlık Üçlü; Narsisizm Psikopati Makyavelizm Kişilik Özellikleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 160 - 173, 23.04.2024

Mevlüt Yıldız , Gözde Gençtürk , Gökhan Köse

Öz

Bu derleme çalışmada, son yıllarda alan yazında sıklıkla karşılaşılan ve Karanlık Üçlü başlığı altında incelenen üç kişilik özelliği, Narsisizm, Makyavelizm ve Psikopati spor bağlamında ele alınmıştır. Çünkü çeşitli performansların çevre ve eğitim olgusu içerisinde şekillenen bir faaliyettir. Kişilerde ruhsal özelliklerin ortaya çıkmasında bu olgular önemli rol oynamaktadır. Kişilerin çevreleriyle birlikte bu yarışma sistemleri içerisinde yüksek verimin alınabilmesi için bir ölçü olması ve vicdani değerler taşıyan ölçütlerin spor olgusunun amacını ortaya koymasıdır. Spor ortamında, daha fazla sosyal psikolojik sağlık, artan yaşam yapısı, aidiyet ve ayırt edici ihtiyaçların karşılanması ile ilişkilendirebiliriz. Bununla birlikte, spor ortamında kişilerarası şiddet, saldırgan eğilimler ve aşırı alkol tüketimi ile de bağlantılı olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Bu olumsuz sonuçlar genellikle daha yüksek düzeyde işlevsiz ortamlarda veya toksik ve agresif kültüre vurgu yaparak spor kimliği ve seyircilik ile birlikte ortaya çıkar. Mevcut makalede, geçmiş araştırmalara dayanmak ve yapının doğası hakkında daha fazla netlik sağlamak spor ortamlarında ve Karanlık Üçlü özellikleri ortaya koymak için yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Spor, Karanlık Üçlü, Narsisizm, Psikopati

Kaynakça

• Allen, M. S., & Laborde, S. (2014). The role of personality in sport and physical activity. Current directions in psychological science, 23(6), 460-465.
• Allen, M. S., Greenlees, I., & Jones, M. (2013). Personality in sport: A comprehensive review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 6(1), 184-208.
• Ames, D. R., Rose, P., & Anderson, C. P. (2006). The NPI-16 as a short measure of narcissism. Journal of research in personality, 40(4), 440-450.
• Anderson, N. E., & Kiehl, K. A. (2014). Psychopathy: Developmental perspectives and their implications for treatment. Restorative neurology and neuroscience, 32(1), 103-117.
• Arthur, C. A., Woodman, T., Ong, C. W., Hardy, L., & Ntoumanis, N. (2011). The role of athlete narcissism in moderating the relationship between coaches’ transformational leader behaviors and athlete motivation. Journal of sport and exercise psychology, 33(1), 3-19.
• Barlett, C. P. (2016). Exploring the correlations between emerging adulthood, Dark Triad traits, and aggressive behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 101, 293-298.
• Blickle, G., & Schütte, N. (2017). Trait psychopathy, task performance, and counterproductive work behavior directed toward the organization. Personality and Individual Differences, 109, 225-231.
• Caliskan, G., & Özer, A. (2021). Relationship between dark triad personality traits and work values among athletes. Current Psychology, 40, 5834-5841.
• Carter, G. L., Campbell, A. C., Muncer, S., & Carter, K. A. (2015). A Mokken analysis of the Dark Triad ‘Dirty Dozen’: Sex and age differences in scale structures, and issues with individual items. Personality and Individual Differences, 83, 185-191.
• Chung, K. L., & Charles, K. (2016). Giving the benefit of the doubt: The role of vulnerability in the perception of Dark Triad behaviours. Personality and Individual Differences, 101, 208-213.
• Diamant, L., Byrd, J. H., & Himelein, M. J. (2019). Personality traits and athletic performance. In Mind-Body Maturity (pp. 227-236). Taylor & Francis.
• Forsyth, D. R., Banks, G. C., & McDaniel, M. A. (2012). A meta-analysis of the Dark Triad and work behavior: a social exchange perspective. Journal of applied psychology, 97(3), 557.
• Furnham, A., Richards, S. C., & Paulhus, D. L. (2013). The Dark Triad of personality: A 10 year review. Social and personality psychology compass, 7(3), 199-216.
• Geukes, K., Mesagno, C., Hanrahan, S. J., & Kellmann, M. (2012). Testing an interactionist perspective on the relationship between personality traits and performance under public pressure. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(3), 243-250.
• González-Hernández, J., Cuevas-Campos, R., Tovar-Gálvez, M. I., & Melguizo-Rodríguez, L. (2020). Why negative or positive, if it makes me win? Dark personality in Spanish competitive athletes. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(10), 3504.
• Hardy, L., Barlow, M., Evans, L., Rees, T., Woodman, T., & Warr, C. (2017). Great British medalists: Psychosocial biographies of super-elite and elite athletes from Olympic sports. Progress in brain research, 232, 1-119.
• Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2009). Psychopathy: Assessment and forensic implications. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(12), 791-802.
• Hren, D., Vujaklija, A., Ivanišević, R., Knežević, J., Marušić, M., & Marušić, A. (2006). Students’ moral reasoning, Machiavellianism and socially desirable responding: implications for teaching ethics and research integrity. Medical education, 40(3), 269-277.
• Jonason, P. K., & Krause, L. (2013). The emotional deficits associated with the Dark Triad traits: Cognitive empathy, affective empathy, and alexithymia. Personality and individual Differences, 55(5), 532-537.
• Jonason, P. K., & Webster, G. D. (2010). The dirty dozen: a concise measure of the dark triad. Psychological assessment, 22(2), 420.
• Jonason, P. K., Abboud, R., Tomé, J., Dummett, M., & Hazer, A. (2017). The Dark Triad traits and individual differences in self-reported and other-rated creativity. Personality and Individual Differences, 117, 150-154.
• Jonason, P. K., Baughman, H. M., Carter, G. L., & Parker, P. (2015). Dorian Gray without his portrait: Psychological, social, and physical health costs associated with the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual Differences, 78, 5-13.
• Jones, B. D., Woodman, T., Barlow, M., & Roberts, R. (2017). The darker side of personality: Narcissism predicts moral disengagement and antisocial behavior in sport. The Sport Psychologist, 31(2), 109-116.
• Jones, D. N., & Paulhus, D. L. (2014). Introducing the short dark triad (SD3) a brief measure of dark personality traits. Assessment, 21(1), 28-41.
• Konrath, S., Meier, B. P., & Bushman, B. J. (2014). Development and validation of the single item narcissism scale (SINS). PLOS one, 9(8), e103469.
• Laborde, S., Guillén, F., Watson, M., & Allen, M. S. (2017). The light quartet: Positive personality traits and approaches to coping in sport coaches. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 32, 67-73.
• Maples, J. L., Lamkin, J., & Miller, J. D. (2014). A test of two brief measures of the dark triad: the dirty dozen and short dark triad. Psychological assessment, 26(1), 326.
• Marcus, D. K., & Zeigler‐Hill, V. (2015). A big tent of dark personality traits. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 9(8), 434-446.
• Myznikov, A., Korotkov, A., Zheltyakova, M., Kiselev, V., Masharipov, R., Bursov, K., ... & Kireev, M. (2024). Dark triad personality traits are associated with decreased grey matter volumes in ‘social brain’structures. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1326946.
• Nicholls, A. R., Madigan, D. J., Backhouse, S. H., & Levy, A. R. (2017). Personality traits and performance enhancing drugs: The Dark Triad and doping attitudes among competitive athletes. Personality and Individual Differences, 112, 113-116.
• Nicholls, A. R., Madigan, D. J., Duncan, L., Hallward, L., Lazuras, L., Bingham, K., & Fairs, L. R. (2020). Cheater, cheater, pumpkin eater: the dark triad, attitudes towards doping, and cheating behaviour among athletes. European journal of sport science, 20(8), 1124-1130.
• Orosz, G., Tóth-Király, I., Büki, N., Ivaskevics, K., Bőthe, B., & Fülöp, M. (2018). The four faces of competition: The development of the Multidimensional Competitive Orientation Inventory. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 259392.
• Paulhus, D. L., & Williams, K. M. (2002). The dark triad of personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Journal of research in personality, 36(6), 556-563.
• Pincus A. L., Ansell E. B., Pimentel C. A., Cain N. M., Wright A. G. C., Levy K. N. (2009). Initial construction and validation of the pathological narcissism inventory. Psychological Assessment, 21, 365-379.
• Rauthmann, J. F. (2012). The Dark Triad and interpersonal perception: Similarities and differences in the social consequences of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3(4), 487-496.
• Rees, T., Hardy, L., Güllich, A., Abernethy, B., Côté, J., Woodman, T., ... & Warr, C. (2016). The great British medalists project: a review of current knowledge on the development of the world’s best sporting talent. Sports medicine, 46(8), 1041-1058.
• Roberts, R., Woodman, T., & Sedikides, C. (2018). Pass me the ball: Narcissism in performance settings. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(1), 190-213.
• Roberts, R., Woodman, T., Lofthouse, S., & Williams, L. (2015). Not all players are equally motivated: The role of narcissism. European Journal of Sport Science, 15(6), 536-542.
• Steca, P., Baretta, D., Greco, A., D'Addario, M., & Monzani, D. (2018). Associations between personality, sports participation and athletic success. A comparison of Big Five in sporting and non-sporting adults. Personality and Individual Differences, 121, 176-183.
• Tamura, A., Oshio, A., Tanaka, K., Masui, K., & Jonason, P. K. (2015). 日本語版 Dark Triad Dirty Dozen (DTDD-J) 作成の試み. Japanese Journal of Personality, 26-37.
• Tomczak, M., Kleka, P., Tomczak-Łukaszewska, E., & Walczak, M. (2024). Hope for success as a mediator between Big Five personality traits and achievement goal orientation among high performance and recreational athletes. Plos one, 19(3), e0288859.
• Vaughan, R., Madigan, D. J., Carter, G. L., & Nicholls, A. R. (2019). The Dark Triad in male and female athletes and non-athletes: Group differences and psychometric properties of the Short Dark Triad (SD3). Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 43, 64-72.
• Visser B. A., Bay D., Cook G. L., Myburgh J. (2010). Psychopathic and antisocial, but not emotionally intelligent. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 644-648.
• Wai M., Tiliopoulos N. (2012). The affective and cognitive empathic nature of the Dark Triad of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 52, 794-799.
• Williams, K. M., Paulhus, D. L., & Hare, R. D. (2007). Capturing the four-factor structure of psychopathy in college students via self-report. Journal of personality assessment, 88(2), 205-219.
• Wilson, D. S., Near, D. C., & Miller, R. R. (1998). Individual differences in Machiavellianism as a mix of cooperative and exploitative strategies. Evolution and Human Behavior, 19(3), 203-212.
• Wright A. G. C., Lukowitsky M. R., Pincus A. L., Conroy D. E. (2010). The higher order factor structure and gender invariance of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory. Assessment, 17, 467-483.