Sportif Performans ile Mitokondri ve Gen İlişkisinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 66 - 80, 19.08.2024

Sedat Kahya

https://doi.org/10.70007/yalovaspor.1509439

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sportif performans ile mitokondri ve gen arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Çalışma; Pubmed-Central, Pubmed ve Google Akademik internet veri tabanlarında yer alan kayıtlı çalışmaların özetlerini içermektedir. Sportif performans çoğu faktörden etkilenen multifaktöriyel bir fenomendir. Bu faktörlerden biri olmaya aday genetik, spor performansı üzerinde önemli bir güce sahip olabilir. Şimdiye kadar, spor ve genetik arasındaki ilişkiye yönelik birçok genetik belirteç tanımlanmıştır. Bunlar otozom, gonozom kromozomlarda ve mitokondride lokalize olabilir. Mitokondri kendi DNA'sı, RNA'sı ve ribozomu olan çift katmanlı bir hücre organelidir. mtDNA, çekirdekte bulunan DNA’ya kıyasla hem daha az nükleotitli hem de daha az gene sahiptir. Buna rağmen mtDNA’daki genler sportif performans üzerinde kritik öneme sahip olabilir. Çalışma sonunda mtDNA'daki haplogrupların ve bazı polimorfizmlerin sportif performans üzerinde önemli regülatörler olabileceği sonucu tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum, sporcuların düşük, orta ve yüksek şiddetteki performans karakteristiklerini önemli ölçüde belirleyebilir. Sonuç olarak, mtDNA'daki genler mitokondriyal biyogenezi etkileyerek, sporcuların dayanıklılık kapasiteleri üzerinde önemli etkilere sahip olabilir. Bu alanda sağlam metodolojilere dayalı klinik çalışmaların yapılması spor bilimlerine değerli katkılar sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gen, Mitokondriyal Biyogenez, mtDNA, Reaktif Oksijen Türleri, Spor

The Investigation of Relationship Between Sporting Performance and Mitochondria and Genes

Öz

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sports performance and mitochondria and gene. The study included the summarization of the studies registered in Pubmed-Central, Pubmed and Google Scholar internet databases. Sporting performance is a multifactorial phenomenon that is affected by most factors. Genetics, which are candidate to be one of these factors, may have a significant power on sports performance. So far, many genetic markers have been identified for the relationship between sport and genetics. These can be localized in the autosome, gonosome chromosomes and mitochondria. Mitochondria is a double-layered cell organelle with its own DNA, RNA, and ribosome. mtDNA has both fewer nucleotides and a smaller amount of genes compared to DNA in the nucleus. However, genes in mtDNA may be critical to athletic performance. At the end of the study, it was determined that haplogroups and some polymorphisms in mtDNA may be important regulators on sports performance. This can significantly determine the low, medium and high intensity performance characteristics of athletes. As a result, genes in mtDNA may have significant effects on athletes' endurance capacities by influencing mitochondrial biogenesis. Conducting clinical studies based on robust methodologies in this field may make valuable contributions to sports sciences.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gene, Mitochondrial Biogenesis, mtDNA, Reactive Oxygen Species, Sport

Kaynakça

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