2023 Kahramanmaraş Depremleri Sonrasında Hayatta Kalanlar ve Afet Müdahale Personelinin Bilişsel, Duygusal ve Sosyal Deneyimleri: Nitel Bir Çalışma

Öz

Bu çalışma, 2023 Kahramanmaraş depremlerinin hemen ardından depremzedelerin ve afet müdahale personelinin bilişsel, duygusal ve anlam verme süreçlerini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Nitel bir desen kullanılarak, en çok etkilenen illerdeki 10 çadır kent ve bir misafirhanede toplam 105 katılımcı (66 depremzede, 39 afet müdahale personeli) ile yapılandırılmamış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, felaketten 12 gün sonra, 18–25 Şubat 2023 tarihleri arasında toplanmış ve Braun ve Clarke’ın altı aşamalı yaklaşımıyla tematik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Dört ana tema belirlenmiştir: (1) Temel yaşam mücadelesi ve fiziksel koşullar, (2) Psikolojik tepkiler ve duygusal yanıtlar, (3) Sosyal aidiyet ve dışlanma, (4) İnanç ve anlam arayışı. Katılımcılar akut stres, öfke, yalnızlık ve geleceğe dair belirsizlik bildirmiş, ancak dayanışma ve maneviyat gibi koruyucu faktörleri de vurgulamışlardır. Afet müdahale personeli ise tükenmişlik, yorgunluk ve ikincil travma deneyimlerini ifade etmiştir. Bulgular, hem depremzedelerin hem de müdahale personelinin ihtiyaçlarını karşılayan, sürekli ve travma odaklı psikososyal desteğin aciliyetini ortaya koymaktadır. Sadece semptomların azaltılmasının ötesinde, kültürel olarak duyarlı, dayanıklılığı, sosyal aidiyeti ve anlam oluşturmayı destekleyen müdahaleler sürdürülebilir iyileşme için elzemdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Travma
• Kahramanmaraş Depremi
• afet sonrası ruh sağlığı
• afetzedeler
• anlam oluşturma

Cognitive, Emotional, And Social Experiences Of Survivors And Disaster Response Personnel Following The 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes: A Qualitative Study

Öz

This study aimed to explore the cognitive, emotional, and meaning-making processes of earthquake survivors and disaster response personnel in the immediate aftermath of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. Using a qualitative design, unstructured interviews were conducted with 105 participants (66 survivors, 39 disaster response personnel) across 10 tent cities and one guesthouse in the most affected provinces. Data were collected between February 18–25, 2023—12 days after the disaster—and analyzed thematically following Braun and Clarke’s six-phase approach. Four overarching themes were identified: (1) Basic survival struggles and physical conditions, (2) Psychological reactions and emotional responses, (3) Social belonging and exclusion, and (4) Faith and the search for meaning. Participants reported acute stress, anger, loneliness, and future uncertainty, but also highlighted protective factors such as solidarity and spirituality. Disaster response personnel described exhaustion, burnout, and secondary trauma. The findings underscore the urgent need for continuous, trauma-informed psychosocial support that addresses both survivors’ and responders’ needs. Beyond symptom reduction, culturally sensitive interventions fostering resilience, social belonging, and meaning-making are essential for sustainable recovery.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• trauma
• Kahramanmaraş Earthquake
• post-disaster mental health
• disaster survivors
• meaning-making

Kaynakça

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