2023 Kahramanmaraş Depremleri Sonrasında Hayatta Kalanlar ve Afet Müdahale Personelinin Bilişsel, Duygusal ve Sosyal Deneyimleri: Nitel Bir Çalışma

Öz

Bu çalışma, 2023 Kahramanmaraş depremlerinin hemen ardından depremzedelerin ve afet müdahale personelinin bilişsel, duygusal ve anlam verme süreçlerini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Nitel bir desen kullanılarak, en çok etkilenen illerdeki 10 çadır kent ve bir misafirhanede toplam 105 katılımcı (66 depremzede, 39 afet müdahale personeli) ile yapılandırılmamış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, felaketten 12 gün sonra, 18–25 Şubat 2023 tarihleri arasında toplanmış ve Braun ve Clarke’ın altı aşamalı yaklaşımıyla tematik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Dört ana tema belirlenmiştir: (1) Temel yaşam mücadelesi ve fiziksel koşullar, (2) Psikolojik tepkiler ve duygusal yanıtlar, (3) Sosyal aidiyet ve dışlanma, (4) İnanç ve anlam arayışı. Katılımcılar akut stres, öfke, yalnızlık ve geleceğe dair belirsizlik bildirmiş, ancak dayanışma ve maneviyat gibi koruyucu faktörleri de vurgulamışlardır. Afet müdahale personeli ise tükenmişlik, yorgunluk ve ikincil travma deneyimlerini ifade etmiştir. Bulgular, hem depremzedelerin hem de müdahale personelinin ihtiyaçlarını karşılayan, sürekli ve travma odaklı psikososyal desteğin aciliyetini ortaya koymaktadır. Sadece semptomların azaltılmasının ötesinde, kültürel olarak duyarlı, dayanıklılığı, sosyal aidiyeti ve anlam oluşturmayı destekleyen müdahaleler sürdürülebilir iyileşme için elzemdir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Travma
• Kahramanmaraş Depremi
• afet sonrası ruh sağlığı
• afetzedeler
• anlam oluşturma

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK) tarafından desteklenmiştir. Araştırma, “1002-C Doğal Afetlere Odaklı Alan Çalışmaları Acil Destek Programı” kapsamında yürütülmüştür (Proje No: 123D099). Bu program, doğal afetler sonrasında veri toplama amacıyla gerçekleştirilen alan çalışmalarını desteklemeyi hedeflemektedir.

Proje Numarası

123D099

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma, Helsinki Bildirgesi’nde belirtilen etik ilkeler doğrultusunda yürütülmüştür. Etik onay, İstinye Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Etik Kurulu’ndan alınmıştır (Karar No: 2023/02-01, Tarih: 16 Şubat 2023).

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK) tarafından “Doğal Afetlere Yönelik Saha Çalışmalarına Odaklanan 1002-C Acil Destek Programı” (Proje No. 123D099) kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Yazarlar ayrıca, proje kapsamında veri toplama aşamasındaki değerli katkılarından dolayı Merve Açıl’a teşekkürlerini sunmaktadır.

Cognitive, Emotional, And Social Experiences Of Survivors And Disaster Response Personnel Following The 2023 Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes: A Qualitative Study

Öz

This study aimed to explore the cognitive, emotional, and meaning-making processes of earthquake survivors and disaster response personnel in the immediate aftermath of the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. Using a qualitative design, unstructured interviews were conducted with 105 participants (66 survivors, 39 disaster response personnel) across 10 tent cities and one guesthouse in the most affected provinces. Data were collected between February 18–25, 2023—12 days after the disaster—and analyzed thematically following Braun and Clarke’s six-phase approach. Four overarching themes were identified: (1) Basic survival struggles and physical conditions, (2) Psychological reactions and emotional responses, (3) Social belonging and exclusion, and (4) Faith and the search for meaning. Participants reported acute stress, anger, loneliness, and future uncertainty, but also highlighted protective factors such as solidarity and spirituality. Disaster response personnel described exhaustion, burnout, and secondary trauma. The findings underscore the urgent need for continuous, trauma-informed psychosocial support that addresses both survivors’ and responders’ needs. Beyond symptom reduction, culturally sensitive interventions fostering resilience, social belonging, and meaning-making are essential for sustainable recovery.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• trauma
• Kahramanmaraş Earthquake
• post-disaster mental health
• disaster survivors
• meaning-making

Destekleyen Kurum

This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK) under the project titled “1002-C Field Studies Focused on Natural Disasters Emergency Support Program” (Project No: 123D099), which aims to support field studies for data collection following natural disasters.

Proje Numarası

123D099

Etik Beyan

This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from İstinye University Social and Human Sciences Ethics Committee (Decision No: 2023/02-01, dated 16 February 2023).

Teşekkür

This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye (TÜBİTAK) under the "1002-C Emergency Support Program for Field Studies Focused on Natural Disasters" (Project No. 123D099). The authors would also like to express their gratitude to Merve Açıl for her valuable assistance during the data collection phase of the project.

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