BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2012, Sayı: 22, 62 - 98, 01.12.2012

Öz

The mass protests of 2011 emanated in the Middle East, also known as ArabSpring, have not spread to Algeria that shares many socio-economic similarities with Tunisia and Egypt. The protest movement called NationalCoordination for Change and Democracy CNCD has not mobilized theAlgerian society accustomed to localized protests that have been an endemicfeature of social life since the 1980s. Starting with the presumption that political and economic measures taken by Algerian government in view of theprotests can partly explain the inhibited growth of protest movements, thispaper aims at providing a preliminary discussion on why Algeria has remainedimmune to the Arab Spring so far by examining the nature of the protestmovement, political and socio-economic past of the country with a particularemphasis on the violent civil war that marked the 1990s, political reforms andeconomic measures to contain the protests and international public opinion onAlgeria. The paper reviews the literature on collective memory of Algeriansabout the violent past and political economy of rent, and refers to securityconcerns to provide possible explanations for social disregard for protestmovements demanding political change. This article uses document analysisas its main method

Kaynakça

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  • Aghrout, Ahmed. “Policy Reforms in Algeria.” North Africa: Politics, Region, and the Limits of Transformation içinde, yazan Yahia H. Zoubir ve Ha- izam Amirah-Fernandez, 31-52. New York: Routledge, 2008.
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  • El Hadi, Hayam. “New Algerian Association Law Faces Criticism.” Maghare- bia. 16/ 12/2011. http://magharebia.com/cocoon/awi/xhtml1/en- _GB/fea tures/awi/features/2011/12/16/feature-04
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Cezayir: İkinci Baharını Yaşamayan Ülke

Yıl 2012, Sayı: 22, 62 - 98, 01.12.2012

Öz

2011’de Orta Doğu’da başlayan ve Arap Baharı olarak adlandırılan kitleselprotestolar, Tunus ve Mısır ile sosyo-ekonomik benzerlikler taşıyan Cezayir’ipek etkilememiştir. Değişim ve Demokrasi için Ulusal Koordinasyon CNCD adlı protesto hareketi, 1980’lerden bu yana yerel protestoların toplumsal hayatın bir parçası olduğu Cezayir’de halkı mobilize edememiştir. Buçalışma, Cezayir hükümetinin aldığı siyasi ve ekonomik önlemlerin protestohareketinin yaygınlaşmamasını kısmen açıklayabileceği varsayımından hareketle, Cezayir’in neden şu ana kadar Arap Baharına istisna teşkil ettiğine dair görüşleri incelemektedir. Bu kapsamda, protesto hareketinin özellikleri,1990’lara damgasını vuran iç savaş başta olmak üzere ülkenin siyasi ve sosyo-ekonomik geçmişi, protestoları önlemek amacıyla alınan siyasi ve ekonomik önlemler ve uluslararası kamuoyunun değerlendirmeleri ele alınmaktadır.Çalışmada, Cezayir halkının geçmişte yaşanan şiddetli iç savaş ile ilgili kolektif hafızası, ranta dayalı ekonomi politik ile ilgili literatüre ilaveten güvenlik mülahazaları değerlendirilerek toplumun siyasi değişime yönelik protestohareketlerine neden kayıtsız kaldığı açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır. Yöntem olarakbelge analizi kullanılmaktadır

Kaynakça

  • Abderrezak, Ali. “Hydrocarbon price shocks and uncertainty: implications for Algeria’s economic growth.” The Journal of North African Studies, 2007: 86-98.
  • Adamson, Kay. “Establishing Utopia: Exploring the Political Origins of Econo- mic Policy in Algeria.” Transition and Development in Algeria; Econo- mic, Social and Cultural Challenges içinde, yazan Margeret A. Majum- dar ve Mohammed Saad. Intellect: Bristol, 2005.
  • Aghrout, Ahmed. “Policy Reforms in Algeria.” North Africa: Politics, Region, and the Limits of Transformation içinde, yazan Yahia H. Zoubir ve Ha- izam Amirah-Fernandez, 31-52. New York: Routledge, 2008.
  • Akacem, Kada. “Economic reforms in Algeria: An Overview and Assessment.” The Journal of North African Studies, 2004: 115-125.
  • Al Jazeera. “Is Algeria Immune to the Arab Spring?” 14/5/2012. http://www.al- j a z e e r a . c o m / p r o g r a m m e s / i n s i d e s t o r y / 2 0 1 2 / 0 5 /- 201251465357500445.html
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  • Boundaoui, Assia. “‘Reform not revolt’ in Algeria.” Al Jazeera. 2/3/2011. h t t p : / / w w w . a l j a z e e r a . c o m / i n d e p t h / f e a t u r e s / 2 0 1 1- /03/201132131733827907.html
  • —. “‘Reform not revolt’ in Algeria.” Al Jazeera. 2/3/2011. http://www.aljaze- era.com/indepth/features/2011/03/201132131733827907.html
  • Butcher, Charity. “Can oil-reliant countries democratize? An assessment of the role of civil society in Algeria.” Democratization, 12/3/2013.
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  • Crowley, Philip J. “Protests in Algeria.” U.S. Department of State Press State- ment. 13/2/2011. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2011/02/156515.htm
  • Dessì, Andrea. Algeria at the Crossroads, Between Continuity and Change. Wor- king Papers 1128, Istituto Affari Internazionali, 2011.
  • —. “Algeria: Cosmetic Change or Actual Reform.” IFRI. 9/7/2012. www.if- ri.org/downloads/ifriactuellesdessialgerie.pdf
  • Dris-Äit Hamadouche , Louisa. “L’Algérie face au printemps arabe: pressions diffuses et résilience entretenue.” Politiques méditerranéennes, 2012.
  • Dris-Aït Hamadouche, Louisa. “L’Algérie face au “printemps arabe”: l’Equilib- re par la neutralisation des contestations.” Confluences Méditerranée, 2012: 55-67.
  • El Hadi , Hayam . “Algeria tightens control over religious associations.” Mag- harebia. 21 5 2013. http://magharebia.com/en_GB/articles/awi/featu- res/2013/ 05/22/feature-03
  • El Hadi, Hayam. “New Algerian Association Law Faces Criticism.” Maghare- bia. 16/ 12/2011. http://magharebia.com/cocoon/awi/xhtml1/en- _GB/fea tures/awi/features/2011/12/16/feature-04
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  • —. “Les Algériens connaîtront leur printemps quand les conditions d’une révol- te seront réunies.” El Watan. 19/2/2013. http://www.elwatan.com/actu- alite/les-algeriens-connaitront-leur-printemps-quand-les-conditions-d- une-revolte-seront-reunies-19-02-2013-203909_109.php
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  • —. “Algeria: democracy denied, and revived?” The Journal of North African Studies, 2011: 653-678.
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  • Lazar, Mehdi , ve Sidi-Mohammed Nehad. “Why did Algeria not know its own Arab Spring? The Islamic hypothesis.” Global Geopolitics & Political Economy. 3/2/2013. http://globalgeopolitics.net/wordpress/2013/02/- 03/why-did-algeria-not-know-its-own-arab-spring-the-islamic-hypot- hesis/
  • Le Sueur, James D. Between Terror and Democracy: Algeria Since 1989. Lon- don: Zed Books, 2010.
  • Magharebia. “Algeria boosts security at Mali border.” Magharebia. 13/2/2013. h t t p : / / m a g h a r e b i a . c o m / e n _ G B / a r t i c l e s / a w i / f e a - tures/2013/02/06/feture-02
  • —. “Algeria hostage crisis over.” Magharebia. 20/1/2013. http://mag- harebia.com/en_GB/articles/awi/features/2013/01/20/feature-01
  • —. “Terrorist target Algeria gas pipeline.” Magharebia. 29/1/2013. http://mag- harebia.com/en_GB/articles/awi/features/2013/01/29/feature-01
  • —. “Terrorists attack Algeria, dozens killed.” Magharebia. 17/1/2013. http://magharebia.com/en_GB/articles/awi/features/2013/01/17-/fea- ture-01
  • Mansour, Fidet. “Algeria to redefine role of mosques.” Magharebia. 11/1/2013. h t t p : / / m a g h a r e b i a . c o m / e n _ G B / a r t i c - les/awi/features/2013/01/11/feature-04
  • —. “Islamists lose ground in Algeria local elections.” Magharebia. 2/12/2012. http://magharebia.com/cocoon-/awi/xhtml1/en_GB/features/awi/fea- tures/2012/12/02/feature-01
  • Martinez, Luis. Algeria: The Illusion of Oil Wealth. No.168: Science Po.CERI, 2010.
  • —. “Algérie: comment préparer l’apres-Bouteflika?” Le Monde, 31/5/2013: 16.
  • Max Planck Institute. “Constitutional Reform in Arab Countries.” Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law. 2013. http://www.mpil.de/ww/en/pub/research/details/know_transfer/cons- titutional_reform_in_arab_/algeria.cfm
  • McAllister, Edward. “The Past in the Present: Algeria at 50.” Mediterranean Politics, 2012: 446-451.
  • Menas Associates. “Algeria Focus: Response of Western Governments.” Menas Associates. 21/2/2011. http://www.menas.co.uk/template/news/artic- le/1500/Res ponse_of_Western_governments/
  • Michigan State University. “Algeria: Economy.” globalEDGE. 2013. Globaled- ge.msu.edu/Countries/Algeria/economy.
  • Mitchell, John, Paul Stevens , ve Elisa Cassinadri . “Resource Depletion, Depen- dence and Development: Algeria.” Chatham House. 11/2008. h t t p : / / w w w. c h a t h a m h o u s e . o r g / s i t e s / d e f a u l t / f i l e s / p u b - lic/Research/Energy,%20Environment%20and%20Develop- ment/13357_1108rddd_algeria.pdf
  • Newbrander, David. “Special Economic Zones in Algeria: Promoting Growth and Mitigating Economic Instability.” The Project on International Peace and Security (PIPS), Institute for the Theory and Practice of In- ternational Relations, The College of William and Mary. 2013. http://www.wm.edu/offices/itpir/_ documents/pips/2012-2013/newb- rander_d_brief.pdf
  • Paciello, Maria Cristina. “The Arap Spring: Socio-Economic Challenges and Opportunities.” Istituto Affari Internazionali. December 2011. http://www.iai.it/pdf/DocIAI/iai1115e.pdf.
  • Ramdani, Nabila. “Algeria tried to block internet and Facebook as protest moun- ted.” Telegraph. 11/2/2011. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/world news/africaandindianocean/algeria/8320772/Algeria-tried-to-block-in- ternet-and-Facebook-as-protest-mounted.html
  • Sadek, Mouna. “Change hits Algerian parties.” Magharebia. 12/2/2013. http://magharebia.com/en_GB/articles/awi/features/2013/02/12/fe- ature-03.
  • Smith, Ben. “Algeria 2013.” House of Commons Library. 18/1/2013.
  • Swedish Migration Board. “Swiss Federal Department for Justice and Police, The Development in Algeria in the shade of the Arabic Spring, and its consequences on Migration (Public Version).” Migrationsverket. 20/1/ 2012. http://www.bfm.admin.ch/content/dam/data/migration/laenderin- formationen/herkunftslaenderinformationen/afrika/dza/DZA-ber-fact- findingmission-e.pdf
  • The Economist. “Arab Unrest Index: The Shoe-Thrower’s Index.” 9/2/2011. http://www.economist.com/blogs/dailychart/2011/02/arab_unrest_in- dex
  • Tlemçani, Rachid. Algeria Under Bouteflika: Civil Strife and National Recon- ciliation. Beirut: Carnegie Papers No 7, 2008.
  • UN Data. “Statistics: Military expenditure (% of GDP).” UN Data. 2013. h t t p : / / d a t a . u n . o r g / D a t a . a s p x ? d = W D I & f = I n d i c a t o r _ C o d e- %3AMS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS
  • Volpi, Frédéric. “Algeria’s Pseudo-democratic Politics: Lessons for Democ- ratization in the Middle East.” Democratization, 2006: 442-455.
  • Wolf, Anne, ve Raphael Lefevre. “Algeria: no easy times for the generals.” The Journal of North African Studies, 2013.
  • Zeraoui, Zidane. “Algeria: Revolution, Army and Political Power.” Language and Intercultural Communication, 2012: 133-145.
  • Zoubir, Yahia H. “The Arab Spring: Is Algeria the Exception.” IEMedObs: Ob- servatory of Euro-Mediterranean Politics. 10/2011. http://www.iemed- .org/observatori-en/actualitat/opinions/the-arab-spring-is-algeria-the- exception
Toplam 68 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Neslihan Temelat Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Sayı: 22

Kaynak Göster

APA Temelat, N. (2012). Cezayir: İkinci Baharını Yaşamayan Ülke. Yasama Dergisi(22), 62-98.