İTALYA’DA SEÇİM SİSTEMLERİ, SEÇİM KOALİSYONLARI VE SEÇİMLER: 1993-2018

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 43, 11 - 60, 16.09.2021

Ömer Gençkaya , Ceren Sencelebı

Öz

Demokratik ülkelerde seçim öncesi koalisyonların/ittifakların kurulması yaygın bir olgudur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, İtalya’da 1994’den bu yana seçim ittifaklarının oluşmasında parti ve seçim sisteminin etkilerini ve sonuçlarını değerlendirmektir. Seçim ittifaklarının yapısı, sürdürülebilirliği, seçim başarısı ya da başarısızlıkları ve hükümet oluşturma güçleri ile tüm bu süreçlerde siyasi aktörlerin –önderlerin- etkisi başlıca araştırma sorularıdır. 1993 sonrasındaki seçim sistemi reformları aşırılıklardan arınmış esnek bir merkezci hükümet kurulmasına yönelik bir siyasal dönüşümcülük (transformismo) amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu çalışma 1994-2018 dönemindeki seçim ittifaklarının yapısı ve seçim sonuçları çözümlemektedir. Seçmenlerin iradesini öne çıkartmak amacıyla yapılan seçim reformları seçim koalisyonları nedeniyle hükümetsel istikrasızlığı gidermiş ancak siyasi parti sisteminin parçalanmışlığını kısmen gidermiştir. Tutarlı ve güvenilir bir nispi temsil sistemi İtalya’da demokratik kurumların meşruiyetini yeniden sağlamada öncelikli bir tercih olarak görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

seçim sistemleri, seçim koalisyonları, seçim ittifakları, İtalya

Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Teşekkür

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Kaynakça

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