Ermeni Harfli Türkçede Farsça Nasihat Geleneği: Pendnāme-i ʿAṭṭār’ın Türkçe Bir Çevirisinde Süreklilik ve Dönüşüm

Öz

Erken modern Osmanlı dünyasında Fars edebiyatının alımlanması uzun süredir araştırmacıların ilgisini çekse de Farsça edebî eserlerin Ermeni harfli Türkçeye çevirisi hâlâ yeterince araştırılmamış bir alandır. Bu makale, Farsça didaktik bir mesnevi olan Pendnāme-i ʿAṭṭār’ın (ʿAṭṭār’ın Nasihat Kitabı) Ermeni harfli Türkçe çevirisini içeren ve bugüne kadar incelenmemiş bir el yazmasını tanıtıp analiz ederek bu alana katkı sağlamaktadır. Makale, bu el yazmasının Farsça aslın Ermeni harfleriyle yazılmış bağımsız bir Türkçe çevirisi olmadığını, daha önce yapılmış bir çevirinin, yani şair Emre’nin 964/1556–1557’de tamamladığı ve yaygınlık kazanmış olan Osmanlı Türkçesindeki manzum çevirisinin Ermeni harfli Türkçe bir aktarımı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Emre’nin çevirisiyle yapılan karşılaştırma, dikkat çekici bir aktarım örüntüsünü ortaya koymaktadır: Müstensih-yazar metnin büyük bölümünü oldukça sadık bir şekilde aktarsa da Ermeni harfli Türkçe versiyonda, özellikle belirgin İslami içeriğe sahip pasajlarda, önemli çıkarmalar da bulunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu el yazması, Osmanlı dünyasında Pendnāme’nin ve Farsça nasihat edebiyatının alımlanma ve aktarım tarihine daha önce bilinmeyen bir tanık eklemekle kalmaz, aynı zamanda eserin Ermeni kültürel ortamına aktarılmasına eşlik eden uyarlama süreçlerini de aydınlatır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ermeni harfli Türkçe
• Pendnāme-i ʿAṭṭār
• Pendnāme
• Yazma
• Nasihat literatürü
• Mekhitarist Cemaati
• Osmanlı Devleti

Persian Advice Literature in Armenian Script: Tracing Continuity and Transformation in an Armeno-Turkish Translation of the Pandnāma-i ʿAṭṭār

Öz

While the reception of Persian literature in the early modern Ottoman realm has long attracted scholarly attention, the translation of Persian literary works into Armeno-Turkish remains a relatively underexplored field. This article contributes to that field by introducing and analysing a hitherto unstudied manuscript containing an Armeno-Turkish translation of the Persian didactic mas̱navī Pandnāma-i ʿAṭṭār (ʿAṭṭār’s Book of Wise Counsel). It demonstrates that the manuscript does not constitute an independent translation of the Persian original into Turkish written in Armenian script, but rather an Armeno-Turkish rendition of an earlier translation: the popular Ottoman Turkish verse translation by the poet Emre, completed in 964/1556–1557. Comparison with Emre’s translation reveals an intriguing pattern of transmission: although the copyist-author reproduces most of the text with considerable fidelity, the Armeno-Turkish version also contains substantial omissions, particularly in passages with distinctly Islamic content. The manuscript thus not only adds a previously unknown witness to the reception and transmission history of the Pandnāma and Persian advice literature in the Ottoman realm, but also illuminates the processes of adaptation that accompanied its transmission into an Armenian cultural milieu.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Armeno-Turkish
• Pandnāma-yi ʿAṭṭār
• Pendnāme
• manuscript
• advice literature
• Mekhitarist Congregation
• Ottoman Empire

تراث النصيحة الفارسية في الأدب التركي المكتوب بالأبجدية الأرمنية: الاستمرار والتحوّل في ترجمة تركية لـكتاب «بندنامه» لعطّار

Öz

رغم أن تلقّي الأدب الفارسي في الإمبراطورية العثمانية بين القرنين السادس عشر والتاسع عشر قد جذب اهتمام الباحثين منذ فترة طويلة، إلّا أنّ ترجمة الأعمال الأدبية الفارسية إلى اللغة التركية العثمانية المكتوبة بالحروف الأرمنية لا تزال مجالاً لم يُستكشف بشكل كافٍ. تحاول هذه المقالة أن تسهم في هذا المجال من خلال عرض وتحليل مخطوطة لم تُدرس حتى الآن. تحتوي المخطوطة على ترجمة تركية للمنظومة الفارسية المثنوية «پندنامه عطّار» (كتاب العطّار في النصح والحكمة) مكتوبة بالحروف الأرمنية. تُبيّن الدراسة أن المخطوطة ليست ترجمة تركية مستقلة للنص الفارسي الأصلي مكتوبة بالحروف الأرمنية، بل هي نسخة من ترجمة سابقة: الترجمة الشعرية التركية الشهيرة. وتكشف المقارنة مع ترجمة أمره الأصلية عن 1557–1556 / 964 التي أنجزها الشاعر أمره سنة نمط مثير للاهتمام في عملية النقل: على الرغم من أن الناسخ/المؤلف يعيد إنتاج معظم النص بدقة كبيرة، فإن النسخة بالخط الأرمني تحتوي أيضًا على محذوفات جوهرية، لا سيما في المقاطع ذات المحتوى الإسالمي الواضح. وبالتالي، فإن المخطوطة لا تضيف فقط شاهدًا لم يكن معروفًا من قبل على تاريخ تلقّي ونقل «پندنامه» وأدب النصائح الفارسي في الإمبراطورية العثمانية، بل تسلط الضوء أيضًا على عمليات التكييف التي رافقت انتقالها إلى السیاق الثقافي الأرمني.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• التركية بالحروف الأرمنية
• پندنامه
• پندنامه عطّار
• پندنامه
• المخطوطة
• أدب النصائح
• رهبة المخيتاريين
• الإمبراطورية العثمانية

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