Intensive Care Nurses' Level of Knowledge on External Ventricular Drainage Care: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1, 33 - 44, 30.04.2025
Sema Koçaşlı
,
Cemile Nida Kayış
,
Şenay Gökdemir
Öz
Abstract
Objective
This study was carried out to determine the effect of training on the knowledge level of nurses on external ventricular drainage care given to nurses working in the intensive care unit.
Method.
This study is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group. The study was completed between 01.08.2024 and 07.09.2024, and 45 nurses worked in the Anesthesiology and Reanimation Intensive Care Unit of a university hospital. The study data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Pre-Test-Post Test, and Retention Test Questionnaire. After the pre-test was administered, the nurses were trained in accordance with the EVD care guidelines of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses. Then the post-test and retention test were conducted.
Results
The mean age of the nurses was 28.89 ± 4.89 years and 68.9% of them were female. It was determined that 64.4% of the nurses did not receive any training on EVD and 82.2% of those who received training did not find the training they received sufficient. It was determined that 48.9% of the nurses felt inadequate in the care of patients with EVD. There was statistical significance between the mean achievement scores of the nurses in the pre-test, post-test, and retention test (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the posttest and pretest correct question differences and the sociodemographic and descriptive characteristics of the nurses (p>0.05).
Conclusion
It was found that the training on EVD care increased the knowledge level of nurses. For effective management of EVD care and prevention of possible complications, it is important to expand training programs that will keep nurses' knowledge and skills up to date.
Keywords: education, external ventricular drainage, nursing care
Kaynakça
-
1. Hepburn-Smith M, Dynkevich I, Spektor M, Lord A, Czeisler B, Lewis A. Establishment of an external ventricular drain best practice guideline: the quest for a comprehensive, universal standard for external ventricular drain care. J Neurosci Nurs. 2016;48(1):54–65.
-
2. Talibi SS, Silva AH, Afshari FT, et al. The implementation of an external ventricular drain care bundle to reduce infection rates. Br J Neurosurg. 2020;34(2):181–186.
-
3. Chung DY, Olson DM, John S, et al. Evidence-based management of external ventricular drains. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2019;19:1–8.
-
4. Fried HI, Nathan BR, Rowe AS, et al. The insertion and management of external ventricular drains: an evidence-based consensus statement: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Neurocritical Care Society. Neurocrit Care. 2016;24:61–81.
-
5. de Andrade AYT, Canicoba ARB, Oliveira RA, Gnatta JR, de Brito Poveda V. Risk factors for infection associated with the use of external ventricular drainage: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Hosp Infect. 2024. Epub ahead of print.
-
6. Zhou J, Zhong Y, Li X, et al. Risk factors for external ventricular drainage–related infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Clin Pract. 2023;13(4):e200156.
-
7. Çevik S, Soyalp C, Akkaya E, Kitiş S, Hanımoğlu H. External ventricular drainage infections rates: clinic experiences. Int J Clin Med. 2016;7(1):84–88.
-
8. Muralidharan R. External ventricular drains: management and complications. Surg Neurol Int. 2015;6(Suppl 6):S271.
-
9. Tsioutis C, Karageorgos SA, Stratakou S, et al. Clinical characteristics, microbiology and outcomes of external ventricular drainage-associated infections: the importance of active treatment. J Clin Neurosci. 2017;42:54–58.
-
10. Walek KW, Leary OP, Sastry R, et al. Risk factors and outcomes associated with external ventricular drain infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2022;43(12):1859–1866.
-
11. Chau CY, Craven CL, Rubiano AM, Adams H, Tülü S, Czosnyka M, et al. The evolution of the role of external ventricular drainage in traumatic brain injury. J Clin Med. 2019;8(9):1422.
-
12. Alrashidi Q, Al-Saadi T, Alhaj AK, Diaz RJ. The role of nursing care in the management of external ventricular drains on the neurosurgical ward: a quality improvement project. World Neurosurg. 2023;176:265–271.
-
13. Aslam H, Afzal M, Sarwar H, Khan S. Effect of external ventricular drain care guidelines on nursing practice and complications among patients with post-traumatic hydrocephalus. Pak J Med Health Sci. 2022;16(2):1128–1128.
-
14. Sakamoto VTM, Vieira TW, Viegas K, Blatt CR, Caregnato RCA. Nursing assistance in patient care with external ventricular drain: a scoping review. Rev Bras Enferm. 2021;74(2):e20190796.
-
15. Vieira TW, Sakamoto VTM, Araujo BR, Pai DD, Blatt CR, Caregnato RCA. External ventricular drains: development and evaluation of a nursing clinical practice guideline. Nurs Rep. 2022;12(4):933–944.
-
16. Sun Y, Yu H, Tian Y, Zhang J, Zhou J. A survey on the current status of adult external ventricular drainage care: exploring content framework and the need for group standards. Altern Ther Health Med. 2024;30(5):244–248.
-
17. Ghonaem SE, Mattar MA, Ahmed FAHM. External ventricular drain: effect of a nursing development competency program on nurses' knowledge and practices. Egypt J Nurs Health Sci. 2024;5(2):17–34.
-
18. Kumar VK, Kiran NS, Kumar VA, et al. External ventricular drainage for intraventricular hemorrhage. Romanian Neurosurgery. 2018:347–354.
-
19. Telli E, Altun A. Effect of semantic encoding strategy instruction on transfer of learning in e-learning environments. J Educ Technol Online Learn. 2023;6(1):1–15.
-
20. Bozdoğan ŞN, Koçaşlı S. Cerrahi hemşirelerinin hastaların beslenme durumunu saptamadaki bilgi düzeyleri: eğitimin etkisi. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;5(3):337–350.
-
21. Alomar SA, Bandah ST, Noman GA, Kadi M, Abulnaja GA, Abdullah G. The impact of nursing education on emergency bedside external ventricular drain insertion for patients with acute hydrocephalus. Cureus. 2023;15(1).
-
22. Zafar S, Shahzadi U, Rehman SA, et al. Effect of nursing guidelines on practices of nurses caring for traumatic brain injury patients in a tertiary care hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Pak J Health Sci. 2022:91–94.
-
23. Jung WK, Yi YH. Development of nursing practice guideline for external ventricular drainage by adaptation process. J Korean Clin Nurs Res. 2016;22(3):294–304.
-
24. Rojas-Lora M, Corral L, Zabaleta-Carvajal I, et al. External ventriculostomy-associated infection reduction after updating a care bundle. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2023;22(1):59.
-
25. American Association of Neuroscience Nurses. Care of the patient undergoing intracranial pressure monitoring/external ventricular drainage or lumbar drainage. Glenview: AANN Clinical Practice Guideline; 2011.
-
26. Erefe İ. Veri toplama araçlarının niteliği. In: Erefe İ, ed. Hemşirelikte Araştırma İlke Süreç ve Yöntemleri. 4th ed. Ankara: Odak Ofset Matbaacılık; 2012:169–188.
-
27. George D, Mallery P. IBM SPSS Statistics 27 Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference. Routledge; 2021.
-
28. Cronk BC. How to Use SPSS®: A Step-by-Step Guide to Analysis and Interpretation. Routledge; 2019.
-
29. Denis DJ. SPSS Data Analysis for Univariate, Bivariate, and Multivariate Statistics. John Wiley & Sons; 2018.
-
30. Karagöz Y. SPSS 23 ve AMOS 23 Uygulamalı İstatistiksel Analizler. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık; 2019.
-
31. Yıldızhan S, Boyacı MG. Clinical effects of external ventricular drainage system, potential complications and complication management. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;3(1):7–12.
-
32. El-Soussi AH, Asfour HI. A return to the basics; nurses' practices and knowledge about interventional patient hygiene in critical care units. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2017;40:11–17.
-
33. Laopoulou E, Papagiorgis P, Chrysovitsanou C, Tsiou C, Plakas S, Fouka G. Nurses’ knowledge about perioperative care of patients with neurological diseases. J Perioper Pract. 2019;29(4):87–93.
-
34. Moyo N. Does duration and sampling of external ventricular drainage systems influence infection rate? Australas J Neurosci. 2016;26(2):7–14.
-
35. Abukhader I. The impact of medication safety education on perception of medication errors, knowledge and intravenous medication practice among Palestinian critical care nurses. J Nurs Care Qual. 2015;30(2):153–160.
-
36. Konovalov A, Shekhtman O, Pilipenko Y, et al. External ventricular drainage in patients with acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage after microsurgical clipping: our 2006–2018 experience and a literature review. Cureus. 2021;13(1):e12643.
-
37. Moyer JD, Elouahmani S, Codorniu A, et al. External ventricular drainage for intracranial hypertension after traumatic brain injury: is it really useful? Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2023;49(3):1227–1234.
-
38. Thamjamrassri T, Yuwapattanawong K, Chanthima P, et al; EVDPoP Study Collaborators. A narrative review of the published literature, hospital practices, and policies related to external ventricular drains in the United States: the External Ventricular Drain Publications, Practices, and Policies (EVDPoP) Study. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2022;34(1):21–28.
-
39. Zakaria J, Jusue-Torres I, Frazzetta J, et al. Effectiveness of a standardized external ventricular drain placement protocol for infection control. World Neurosurg. 2021;151:e771–e777.
-
40. Camacho EF, Boszczowski Í, Freire MP, et al. Impact of an educational intervention implanted in a neurological intensive care unit on rates of infection related to external ventricular drains. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e50708.
Yoğun Bakım Hemşirelerinin Eksternal Ventriküler Drenaj Bakımına İlişkin Bilgi Düzeyleri: Yarı Deneysel Bir Çalışma
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1, 33 - 44, 30.04.2025
Sema Koçaşlı
,
Cemile Nida Kayış
,
Şenay Gökdemir
Öz
Öz
Amaç
Bu çalışma, yoğun bakımda çalışan hemşirelere verilen eksternal ventriküler drenaj bakımına ilişkin eğitimin hemşirelerin bilgi düzeylerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirildi.
Yöntem
Bu çalışma ön test-son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel bir çalışmadır. Bir üniversite hastanesinin Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Yoğun Bakım Ünitesinde çalışan 45 hemşire ile 01.08.2024-07.09.2024 tarihleri arasında çalışma tamamlanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri, Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Ön Test-Son Test ve Kalıcılık Testi Soru Formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Ön test uygulandıktan sonra hemşirelere Amerikan Nörobilim Hemşireleri Derneği'nin EVD bakım kılavuzlarına uygun eğitim verilmiştir. Ardından son test ve kalıcılık testi yapılmıştır.
Bulgular
Hemşirelerin yaş ortalaması 28,89 ± 4,89’dır ve %68,9’unun kadın olduğu tespit edildi. Hemşirelerin %64,4’ünün EVD ile ilgili herhangi bir eğitim almadığı; eğitim alanların ise %82,2’sinin aldığı eğitimi yeterli bulmadığı saptandı. Hemşirelerin %48,9’unun EVD’li hasta bakımında kendini yetersiz hissettiği tespit edildi. Hemşirelerin ön test, son test ve kalıcılık testi başarı puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlılık saptandı (p<0,001). Son test ve ön test doğru soru farkları ile hemşirelerin sosyodemografik ve tanıtıcı özellikleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunamadı (p> 0,05).
Sonuç
EVD bakımına ilişkin verilen eğitimin hemşirelerin bilgi düzeylerini arttırdığı saptanmıştır. EVD bakımının etkin yönetimi ve olası komplikasyonların önlenmesi için, hemşirelerin bilgi ve becerilerini güncel tutacak eğitim programlarının yaygınlaştırılması önemlidir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: eksternal ventriküler drenaj, eğitim, hemşirelik bakımı
Destekleyen Kurum
Bulunmamaktadır.
Teşekkür
Sayın Editörüm,
Eksternal ventriküler drenaj (EVD) uygulaması, nörolojik yoğun bakım ünitelerinde intrakraniyal basınç yönetiminde yaygın olarak kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Ancak, bu kritik müdahaleye yönelik hemşirelerin bilgi düzeyinin sınırlı olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmamızda, EVD bakımına yönelik bilgi düzeyini değerlendirmiş ve eğitim süreçlerinde bu eksiklikleri doğrudan gözlemleme fırsatı bulmuş bulunmaktayız.
Mevcut literatürde EVD bakımı ile ilgili protokoller ve rehberler bulunmasına rağmen, hemşirelerin bilgi düzeyine ve uygulamalarına yönelik kapsamlı veriler oldukça sınırlıdır. Çalışmamız, bu alandaki bilgi eksikliklerini belirleyerek hasta güvenliği ve bakım kalitesini artırmaya yönelik önemli çıkarımlar sunmaktadır. Özellikle enfeksiyon kontrolü, drenaj yönetimi ve komplikasyonların önlenmesine ilişkin hemşirelik müdahalelerinin daha sistematik bir şekilde ele alınması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Bu bağlamda, çalışmamızın literatüre önemli bir katkı sağlayacağını ve klinik uygulamalara yönelik iyileştirme fırsatları sunacağını düşünmekteyiz. Söz konusu eksikliklerin vurgulanması ve EVD bakımına yönelik eğitim programlarının güçlendirilmesi, hasta sonuçlarını olumlu yönde etkileyecektir.
Çalışmamızın derginizde yayımlanmasının, nöroşirürji hemşireliği alanında klinik uygulamaları geliştirme noktasında önemli bir katkı sunacağı kanaatindeyiz.
Saygılarımızla,
Kaynakça
-
1. Hepburn-Smith M, Dynkevich I, Spektor M, Lord A, Czeisler B, Lewis A. Establishment of an external ventricular drain best practice guideline: the quest for a comprehensive, universal standard for external ventricular drain care. J Neurosci Nurs. 2016;48(1):54–65.
-
2. Talibi SS, Silva AH, Afshari FT, et al. The implementation of an external ventricular drain care bundle to reduce infection rates. Br J Neurosurg. 2020;34(2):181–186.
-
3. Chung DY, Olson DM, John S, et al. Evidence-based management of external ventricular drains. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2019;19:1–8.
-
4. Fried HI, Nathan BR, Rowe AS, et al. The insertion and management of external ventricular drains: an evidence-based consensus statement: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Neurocritical Care Society. Neurocrit Care. 2016;24:61–81.
-
5. de Andrade AYT, Canicoba ARB, Oliveira RA, Gnatta JR, de Brito Poveda V. Risk factors for infection associated with the use of external ventricular drainage: a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Hosp Infect. 2024. Epub ahead of print.
-
6. Zhou J, Zhong Y, Li X, et al. Risk factors for external ventricular drainage–related infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Clin Pract. 2023;13(4):e200156.
-
7. Çevik S, Soyalp C, Akkaya E, Kitiş S, Hanımoğlu H. External ventricular drainage infections rates: clinic experiences. Int J Clin Med. 2016;7(1):84–88.
-
8. Muralidharan R. External ventricular drains: management and complications. Surg Neurol Int. 2015;6(Suppl 6):S271.
-
9. Tsioutis C, Karageorgos SA, Stratakou S, et al. Clinical characteristics, microbiology and outcomes of external ventricular drainage-associated infections: the importance of active treatment. J Clin Neurosci. 2017;42:54–58.
-
10. Walek KW, Leary OP, Sastry R, et al. Risk factors and outcomes associated with external ventricular drain infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2022;43(12):1859–1866.
-
11. Chau CY, Craven CL, Rubiano AM, Adams H, Tülü S, Czosnyka M, et al. The evolution of the role of external ventricular drainage in traumatic brain injury. J Clin Med. 2019;8(9):1422.
-
12. Alrashidi Q, Al-Saadi T, Alhaj AK, Diaz RJ. The role of nursing care in the management of external ventricular drains on the neurosurgical ward: a quality improvement project. World Neurosurg. 2023;176:265–271.
-
13. Aslam H, Afzal M, Sarwar H, Khan S. Effect of external ventricular drain care guidelines on nursing practice and complications among patients with post-traumatic hydrocephalus. Pak J Med Health Sci. 2022;16(2):1128–1128.
-
14. Sakamoto VTM, Vieira TW, Viegas K, Blatt CR, Caregnato RCA. Nursing assistance in patient care with external ventricular drain: a scoping review. Rev Bras Enferm. 2021;74(2):e20190796.
-
15. Vieira TW, Sakamoto VTM, Araujo BR, Pai DD, Blatt CR, Caregnato RCA. External ventricular drains: development and evaluation of a nursing clinical practice guideline. Nurs Rep. 2022;12(4):933–944.
-
16. Sun Y, Yu H, Tian Y, Zhang J, Zhou J. A survey on the current status of adult external ventricular drainage care: exploring content framework and the need for group standards. Altern Ther Health Med. 2024;30(5):244–248.
-
17. Ghonaem SE, Mattar MA, Ahmed FAHM. External ventricular drain: effect of a nursing development competency program on nurses' knowledge and practices. Egypt J Nurs Health Sci. 2024;5(2):17–34.
-
18. Kumar VK, Kiran NS, Kumar VA, et al. External ventricular drainage for intraventricular hemorrhage. Romanian Neurosurgery. 2018:347–354.
-
19. Telli E, Altun A. Effect of semantic encoding strategy instruction on transfer of learning in e-learning environments. J Educ Technol Online Learn. 2023;6(1):1–15.
-
20. Bozdoğan ŞN, Koçaşlı S. Cerrahi hemşirelerinin hastaların beslenme durumunu saptamadaki bilgi düzeyleri: eğitimin etkisi. Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2023;5(3):337–350.
-
21. Alomar SA, Bandah ST, Noman GA, Kadi M, Abulnaja GA, Abdullah G. The impact of nursing education on emergency bedside external ventricular drain insertion for patients with acute hydrocephalus. Cureus. 2023;15(1).
-
22. Zafar S, Shahzadi U, Rehman SA, et al. Effect of nursing guidelines on practices of nurses caring for traumatic brain injury patients in a tertiary care hospital Lahore, Pakistan. Pak J Health Sci. 2022:91–94.
-
23. Jung WK, Yi YH. Development of nursing practice guideline for external ventricular drainage by adaptation process. J Korean Clin Nurs Res. 2016;22(3):294–304.
-
24. Rojas-Lora M, Corral L, Zabaleta-Carvajal I, et al. External ventriculostomy-associated infection reduction after updating a care bundle. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2023;22(1):59.
-
25. American Association of Neuroscience Nurses. Care of the patient undergoing intracranial pressure monitoring/external ventricular drainage or lumbar drainage. Glenview: AANN Clinical Practice Guideline; 2011.
-
26. Erefe İ. Veri toplama araçlarının niteliği. In: Erefe İ, ed. Hemşirelikte Araştırma İlke Süreç ve Yöntemleri. 4th ed. Ankara: Odak Ofset Matbaacılık; 2012:169–188.
-
27. George D, Mallery P. IBM SPSS Statistics 27 Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference. Routledge; 2021.
-
28. Cronk BC. How to Use SPSS®: A Step-by-Step Guide to Analysis and Interpretation. Routledge; 2019.
-
29. Denis DJ. SPSS Data Analysis for Univariate, Bivariate, and Multivariate Statistics. John Wiley & Sons; 2018.
-
30. Karagöz Y. SPSS 23 ve AMOS 23 Uygulamalı İstatistiksel Analizler. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık; 2019.
-
31. Yıldızhan S, Boyacı MG. Clinical effects of external ventricular drainage system, potential complications and complication management. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;3(1):7–12.
-
32. El-Soussi AH, Asfour HI. A return to the basics; nurses' practices and knowledge about interventional patient hygiene in critical care units. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2017;40:11–17.
-
33. Laopoulou E, Papagiorgis P, Chrysovitsanou C, Tsiou C, Plakas S, Fouka G. Nurses’ knowledge about perioperative care of patients with neurological diseases. J Perioper Pract. 2019;29(4):87–93.
-
34. Moyo N. Does duration and sampling of external ventricular drainage systems influence infection rate? Australas J Neurosci. 2016;26(2):7–14.
-
35. Abukhader I. The impact of medication safety education on perception of medication errors, knowledge and intravenous medication practice among Palestinian critical care nurses. J Nurs Care Qual. 2015;30(2):153–160.
-
36. Konovalov A, Shekhtman O, Pilipenko Y, et al. External ventricular drainage in patients with acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage after microsurgical clipping: our 2006–2018 experience and a literature review. Cureus. 2021;13(1):e12643.
-
37. Moyer JD, Elouahmani S, Codorniu A, et al. External ventricular drainage for intracranial hypertension after traumatic brain injury: is it really useful? Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2023;49(3):1227–1234.
-
38. Thamjamrassri T, Yuwapattanawong K, Chanthima P, et al; EVDPoP Study Collaborators. A narrative review of the published literature, hospital practices, and policies related to external ventricular drains in the United States: the External Ventricular Drain Publications, Practices, and Policies (EVDPoP) Study. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2022;34(1):21–28.
-
39. Zakaria J, Jusue-Torres I, Frazzetta J, et al. Effectiveness of a standardized external ventricular drain placement protocol for infection control. World Neurosurg. 2021;151:e771–e777.
-
40. Camacho EF, Boszczowski Í, Freire MP, et al. Impact of an educational intervention implanted in a neurological intensive care unit on rates of infection related to external ventricular drains. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e50708.