Yoğun Bakım Hastalarında Yıkama ve Silme Banyosunun Cilt Hijyeni ve Nem–Yağ Oranı Üzerine Etkisinin Karşılaştırılması: Yarı Deneysel Çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, yoğun bakım ünitesindeki (YBÜ) hastalarda yıkama ve silme banyolarının cilt hijyeni ve nem-yağ oranı üzerindeki etkilerini karşılaştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Yöntem: Araştırma, yarı deneysel iki gruplu ön test–son test tasarımı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma, 25 Temmuz- 25 Aralık 2023 tarihleri arasında bir devlet hastanesinin yoğun bakım ünitesinde, toplam 68 hasta ile yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılar rastgele şekilde yıkama veya silme gruplarına atanmıştır. Veriler; Hasta Bilgi Formu, Tüm Vücut Cilt Hijyen Değerlendirme Formu ve Non-invaziv Biyoempedans Cilt Nem-Yağ Analiz Formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Yıkama grubuna 72 saatlik izlem süresinde bir kez yıkama banyosu uygulanırken, silme grubuna her 24 saatte bir silme işlemi yapılmıştır. Değerlendirmeler müdahale öncesinde ve sonrasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: Müdahale öncesinde gruplar arasında cilt hijyeni ve nem-yağ oranı açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (P>,05). Müdahale sonrasında, yıkama grubunda saç, göz, kulak, burun, el, ayak ve tırnak hijyeninde iyileşme gözlenmiş; ancak koltuk altı ve perine hijyeninde anlamlı bir değişiklik saptanmamıştır (P>,05). Gruplar arasında cilt yağ oranı açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (P>,05); ancak yıkama grubunda cilt neminde azalma tespit edilmiştir (P<,05). Sonuç: Yıkama banyoları, koltuk altı ve perine bölgesi hariç cilt hijyenini artırmıştır ancak silme banyolarıyla kıyaslandığında cilt nemini azaltmış, yağ oranında ise bir değişikliğe yol açmamıştır. Bu nedenle, yoğun bakım hastalarında banyo uygulamaları bireysel ihtiyaçlara göre planlanmalı, uygun durumlarda silme banyosu tercih edilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cilt hijyeni
• cilt nem–yağ oranı
• yıkama
• yoğun bakım hastaları
• yoğun bakım hemşireliği

Comparison of the Effect of Washing and Wiping Bath on Skin Hygiene and Moisture–Oil Ratio: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of washing and wiping baths on skin hygiene and the moisture-oil ratio in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Method: A quasi-experimental two-group pre-test/post-test design was used. The study was conducted with 68 ICU patients in a public hospital between July 25 and December 25, 2023. Participants were randomly assigned to either the washing bath group or the wiping bath group. Data were collected using the Patient Information Form, Whole-Body Skin Hygiene Assessment Form, and Non-invasive Bioimpedance Skin Moisture-Oil Analysis Form. The washing group received one washing bath during the 72-hour follow-up period, whereas the wiping group received wiping baths every 24 hours. Assessments were performed before and after the intervention. Results: No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of skin hygiene or moisture–oil ratio before the intervention (P>.05). After the intervention, improvements were observed in hair, eye, ear, nose, hand, foot, and nail hygiene in the washing group; however, no significant changes were detected in axillary and perineal hygiene (P>.05). There were no significant differences between the groups regarding skin oil content (P>.05), whereas a significant decrease in skin moisture was observed in the washing group (P<.05). Conclusion: Washing baths improved overall skin hygiene, except for the axillary and perineal areas; however, compared with wiping baths, they were associated with reduced skin moisture and no change in skin oil content. Therefore, bathing practices for intensive care patients should be individualized, and wiping baths may be preferred when appropriate.

Keywords

• Critical care nursing
• ICU patients
• skin moisture–oil ratio
• skin hygiene
• washing

Kaynakça

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