Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerindeki Yaşlı Hastalarda Bası Yarası Prevalansı ve Etkileyen Faktörler

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 43 - 53, 01.12.2015

Zeynep Kurtuluş Tosun Rukiye Pınar Bölüktaş

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, yoğun bakım ünitesinde yaşlı hastalarda bası yarası prevalansı ve
bası yarası gelişimi ile ilişkili risk faktörlerini belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma tanımlayıcı
olarak tasarlanmıştır. Veriler, bu araştırma için yazarlarca geliştirilen, literatürde bası yarası ile iliş-
kili bulunan demografik ve klinik özelliklerden oluşan form ve Braden Ölçeği kullanılarak toplandı.
Her hastanın cildi araştırmacı tarafından değerlendirildi ve bası yaraları Amerika Bası Ülseri Ulusal
Danışma Paneli (NPUAP)’ne göre sınıflandırıldı. Araştırma kapsamında İstanbul’daki 21 hastanenin
50 farklı yoğun bakım ünitesinde tedavi gören 180 yaşlı hasta değerlendirildi. Veriler Haziran 2008-
Haziran 2009 tarihleri arasında toplandı. Araştırma için “etik kurul onayı” alındı. Bulgular: Hastaların
yaş ortalaması 72,8 idi. Bası yarası prevelansı %40,6 olarak bulundu (evre 1 bası yaraları dahil),
yaralar en sık sakral bölgede izlendi (%35,9). En yaygın görülen ülserler evre 1’di (%43,6). Bası yarası
olan yaşlı hastalarda yaş, BKİ değerleri ve hastanede yatış süresi bası yarası olmayan hastalara göre daha
fazla, serum albümin düzeyi ve Braden Ölçek puanı daha düşüktü. Sonuç: YBÜ’deki yaşlı hastalarda
bası yarası prevalansı diğer çalışmalardan yüksek bulundu. Bu sonuç yoğun bakım ünitelerindeki yaşlı
hastalarda bası yarası önleme stratejilerine daha fazla önem verilmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bası yarası, yoğun bakım ünitesi, yaşlı hasta

Pressure Ulcer Prevalence and Effecting Factors Among Elderly Patients in Intensive Care Units

Öz

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify pressure ulcer (PU) prevalence and
risk factors that are associated with pressure ulcer development in elderly patients in intensive care
units (ICUs). Material and Methods: The research has been designed as a descriptive study. Data were
collected using a form developed by the authors of this research that contains demographic and medical
characteristics found in literature to be associated with PUs and the Braden Scale. The skin of each
participating patient was assessed and pressure ulcers were classified according to the National Pressure
Ulcers Advisory Panel grading system. Within the scope of thisresearch 180 elderly patients were
evaluated in 21 hospitals in 50 different ICUs in Istanbul. Data were collected between July 2008-
2009. The ethics committee approval was obtained forresearch. Results: The average age of the patients
in this study was 72.8. The prevalence of pressure ulcers in ICU patients was found out to be 40.6%
(including category 1 ulcers). Pressure ulcers occurred most frequently in the sacral area (35.9%). The
most common pressure ulcers were grade 1 (43.6%). In elderly patients with PUs in the ICU, age, BMI
values and length of hospital stay were higher whereas serum albumin levels and Braden Scale scores
were lower compared to patients without PUs. Conclusion: The prevalence of PUs in elderly patients
in ICUs was found out to be higher than that reported in other studies. This outcome indicates that
more attention is required for PU prevention strategies in ICUs for elderly patients.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pressure ulcer, intensive care unit, elderly patient

Kaynakça

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