YOĞUN BAKIM HEMŞİRELERİNDE STRESİN AZALTILMASINA YÖNELİK NONFARMAKOLOJİK YAKLAŞIMLAR: SİSTEMATİK BİR DERLEME

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 2, 87 - 101, 31.08.2019

Zehra Gök Metin

Öz

Amaç: Bu sistematik derleme, yoğun bakım ünitesi (YBÜ)’nde çalışan hemşirelerin algıladıkları stresi azaltmada kullanılan nonfarmakolojik yaklaşımları ve bu yaklaşımların etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu derleme, Cochrane Sistematik Derleme Rehberi temel alınarak yapılandırılmıştır. Konuyla ilgili tam metinler Cochrane, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Türk Medline ve ULAKBİM Tıp veri tabanlarını içeren toplam 5 veri tabanı üzerinden taranmıştır. Tüm araştırmalar, dahil edilme kriterleri açısından incelenmiş, veriler araştırmacı tarafından bütünleştirici özetleme yoluyla yorumlanmıştır. Toplam 10 makale değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Bulgular: Derleme kapsamına alınan çalışma bulgularına göre, YBÜ hemşirelerinin stres düzeylerini azaltmada meditasyon (n=5), masaj (n=2), aromaterapi (n=1), progresif kas gevşeme egzersizleri (n=1) ve Yoga (n=1) gibi nonfarmakolojik yaklaşımların uygulandığı görülmüştür. Çalışmaların yarısının (n=5) Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde yürütüldüğü ve çoğunluğunun (n=7) hemşirelerin stres düzeyini değerlendirmede “Algılanan Stres Ölçeği” kullandıkları belirlenmiştir. Araştırmalar yarı-deneysel (n=6), randomize kontrollü (n=3) ve karma tip (n=1) tasarımda gerçekleştirilmiş, örneklemlere en az 13, en fazla 90 hemşire dahil edilmiştir. Uygulama süresinin minimum 4 gün, maksimum 8 hafta arasında değiştiği gözlenmiştir. Aromaterapi dışında kalan diğer tüm uygulamalar sertifika sahibi, deneyimli bir eğitmen tarafından yürütülmüştür. Araştırmaların çoğunda hemşirelerin algıladıkları stres düzeyinde azalma olduğu bildirilmiştir. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, YBÜ hemşirelerinde stres düzeyini azaltmada nonfarmakolojik yaklaşımların etkili olduğunu ve ülkemizde konuya yönelik herhangi bir araştırma yayınlanmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Bu kapsamda, nonfarmakolojik yaklaşımların etkilerini inceleyen yeni randomize kontrollü araştırmalara gereksinim duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hemşire, nonfarmakolojik yaklaşımlar, sistematik derleme, stres, yoğun bakım ünitesi

Kaynakça

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