MANAGEMENT OF BORDER SECURITY FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ILLEGAL ANIMAL MOVEMENTS IN TURKEY

Yıl 2011, Sayı: 1, 50 - 64, 22.12.2011

Suat Begeç , Veysel Soydal Ataseven , Himmet Karadal

Öz

The objective of this article is to evaluate for the first time the management of border security from a perspective of terrorism, trafficking in persons, and illicit cross-border trading of animals in Turkey. Turkey acts as a geographical, cultural, and political bridge between Asia, Africa, and Europe, and problems such as trafficking in persons and smuggling of animals, drugs, and fuel rise due to the geographical location of Turkey. Terrorist organizations gain revenue from this illegal trade, and transport logistics from neighboring countries. Therefore, transboundary animal diseases such as rinderpest, peste des petits ruminants, foot and mouth disease and Rift valley fever could distress the international animal trade as well as the food safety and food manufacturing industries. These diseases are contagious and have the potential to quickly spread beyond national borders, and can lead to serious consequences in terms of socio-economic and public health. In this sence, Turkey has a potential to introduce infectious diseases into other countries. This article embraces a struggle within the national and international communities and reveals the importance of defense and security management to overcome smuggling and terror events.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Animal Diseases, Border Security, Management, Turkey

Kaynakça

• Akkan, H.A., Karaca,M., Tütüncü, M., Değer, S., Keleş, İ. and Ağaoğlu, Z. (2003). “Serologic and microscopic studies on the eastern border of babesiosis in horse in Turkey”, Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 23, 181-183.
• Anderson, E.W. (2003). Jeopolitik: Savaş alanı olan uluslararası sınırlar. In: Gray, C.S. and Sloan, G. (Eds), Jeopolitik, Strateji ve Coğrafya. Ankara: Avrasya Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi Yayınları, Türkiye.
• ACC-Ankara Chamber of Commerce (2008). Livestock report of Turkey. http://www.atonet.org.tr, (accessed on 2 February 2008).
• Ataseven, V.S. and Daly J.M. (2007). “Seroepidemiology of equine influenza virus infection in Turkey”, Turkish Journal of Veterinary Animal Science, 31, 199-202.
• Augustine, N.R. (2000). “Önlemeye çalıştığınız krizi yönetmek. Kriz Yönetim”, Harvard Business Review. (Çeviren: Salim Atay). Mess Yayınları. İstanbul: BZD Yayıncılık.
• Begeç, S. and Saruhan, S.C. (2004). Diversity management and a research for Turkish General Staff in the Peace for Partnership Centre. PhD Thesis, Institute for Social Sciences, University of Marmara, İstanbul.
• Begeç, S. (2006). “Yönetimde yeni küresel tehdit: Terörizm ve bombalı intihar eylemi”. Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi; 8, 1-13.
• Commission (2007). Ulusal güvenlik stratejisi. İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları.
• Çalık, M. (1977). Askeri coğrafya: Ders Notları. 2. Basım. İstanbul: Harp Akademileri Basımevi.
• Domenech, J., Lubroth, J., Eddie, C., Martin, V. and Roger, F. (2006). Regional and international approaches on prevention and control of animal transboundary and emerging diseases. Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences, 1081, 90-107.
• DPT-Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı (2007). „AB katılım sürecinin sektöre etkileri. In: Akman, N., Yalçın, C., Çizmeci, N.C., Saçlı, Y. (Eds), 9.Kalkınma Planı/2007-2013, Hayvancılık İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu. Ankara. www.dpt.gov.tr/DocObjects/Download/3175/ oik670.pdf, (accessed on 18 June 2009).
• Eren, E. (1996). Yönetim ve organizasyon. İstanbul: Beta Basım, Yayım ve Dağıtım A.Ş.
• FAO (2009). Emergency center for transboundary animal diseases operations (ECTAD). http://www.fao.org/ag/againfo/programmes/en/empres/e_reaction.asp, (accessed on 09 February 2009).
• Ferrari, G. (2007). The role of FAO for avian influenza and regional cooperation programs. International Avian Influenza Congress, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs-Turkish Veterinary Medical Association, Antalya, Turkey.
• FVE-Federation of Veterinarians of Euroepan (2007). Community Animal Health Strategy. http://www.fve.org/news/newsletters/2007/5newsletter.pdf, (accessed on 21 December 2007).
• GDPC-General Directorate of Protection and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Republic of Turkey (2009). Animal Movement Control, 2009. http://www.kkgm.gov.tr/circulars/genelge.pdf, (accessed on 11 February 2009).
• Hamilton, M. (2007). The role and standarts of OIE for avian influenza and the general evaluation of recent situations and effects on international trade of avian influenza. International Avian Influenza Congress,
• Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs-Turkish Veterinary Medical Association, Antalya, Turkey.
• İzci, R. (1998). Uluslararası güvenlik ve çevre. In: Uluslararası politikada yeni alanlar, yeni bakışlar, Sönmezoğlu, F. (Ed). İstanbul: Der Yayınları.
• Karaca, M., Babür, C., Çelebi, B., Akkan, H.A., Tütüncü, M., Keleş, I., Uslu, B.A. and Kılıç, S. (2007). “Investigation on the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis, listeriosis and brucellosis in goats living in the region of Van, Turkey”, The Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Yüzüncü Yıl, 18, 45-49.
• Karaş-Duman, G (2008). “Değişen Dünya ve AB‟nin Yeni Hayvan Sağlığı Stratejisi”, Türk Veteriner Hekimliği Dergisi, No.1. http://www.tvetvakfi.org.tr/fckresimler/file/Dokumanlar/DergiSayi1_1.pdf, (accesed on 06 February 2009)
• Kırmızıgül, A.H., Yıldırım, Y., Gökçe, M. and Ataseven, V.S.(2009). Serologic evaluation of the equine infectious anemia in Kars and Ardahan-Turkey. The Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kafkas, 15, 77-80.
• Koçel, T. (2001). İşletme yöneticiliği, yönetim ve organizasyon, organizasyonlarda davranış, klasik-modern-çağdaş ve güncel yaklaşımlar. İstanbul: BETA Basım, Yayım.
• Nikiforuk, A. (2000). Mahşerin Dördüncü Atlısı, Salgın ve Bulaşıcı Hastalıklar Tarihi. O.Yener, E.Gen (Eds.), Çeviren: S.Erkanlı. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
• Official Journal, Republic of Turkey (1986). The law of animal health control. http://www.mevzuat.adalet.gov.tr/html/734.html, (accessed on 10 February 2009).
• Official Journal, Republic of Turkey (1988). The law of protection and security of land border of Turkey. www.mevzuat.adalet.gov.tr/htlm/772.htlm, (accessed on 09 February 2009).
• Official Journal, Republic of Turkey (2002). Regulation on the identification, registration and monitoring of bovine animals. http://www.mevzuat.adalet.gov.tr/ html/734.html, (accessed on 10 February 2009).
• Ottawa Convention (1999). http://www.tsk.tr/4_ULUSLARARASI_ILISKILER/4_15_ Ottova_Sozlesmesi/Ottova_Sozlesmesi.htm, (accessed on 12 June 2009).
• Özey, R. (2002). Türkiye’nin sınırları. In: Türkiye Coğrafyası ve Jeopolitiği, Erzurum: Aktif Yayınları.
• Perl, R. (2005). Terrorism and national security: Issues and trends. CRS Issue Brief for Congress. http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/54249.pdf (accessed on 07 July 2009).
• Report (2008). Trafficking in persons report. June 2008. U.S. Department of State. http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/105501.pdf (accessed on 18 June 2009).
• Sarızeybek, E. (2006). Hayvan kaçakçılığı. In: Hesaplaşma-Terör, Kaçakçılık, Hudut ve Biz, Sınırötesi Harekât Senaryoları. İstanbul: Ümit Yayıncılık.
• Sarızeybek, E. (2008). Kaçakçılık ve terörizm. www.tusam.net/makaleler.asp?.id=1327, (accessed on 05 February 2009).
• Saygun, E. (2008). PKK’s annual income. 2nd Symposium of Global Terrorism and International Collaboration, Ankara. http://www.stratejikboyut.com/news_detail. php?id=5425, (accessed on 05 February 2009).
• Serinkan, C. (2007). Terörle mücadelede sınır güvenliği/Analiz. http://stratejik boyut.net/article_detail.php?id=18, (accessed on 05 February 2009).
• Stutz, F.P., Souza, A.R. (1998). The world economy resources, location, trade, and development. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
• Temizyürek, A. (2007). Zoonozlar ve veteriner halk sağlığı. http://www.izmir-vho.org/vhs_vph/makaleler/zoonozlar/zoonozlar_ve_veteriner_halk_sagligi.pdf, (accessed on 21 May 2009
• Tufan, M. (2006). Animal health authorities and transboundary animal diseases in Turkey. Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, 53, 35-37.
• Tutar, H.(2000). Kriz ve stres ortamında yönetim. İstanbul: Hayat Yayıncılık.
• Waters, M. (1995). Globalization. Great Britain: Clays Publications.
• Weiss, R. (2002). Hastalıkla savaş. National Geographic Türkiye, Şubat, İstanbul.
• WHO (2009). Swine influenza. http://www.who.int/csr/don/2009_04_26/en, (accessed on 06 July 2009)
• Yılmaz, S. (2009). Jeopolitik ve strateji. Jeopolitik, 61, 74-77.