AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ HUKUKU’NDA YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ KAYNAKLARININ KULLANIMINA İLİŞKİN YATIRIMLARIN TEŞVİKİNDE YETKİ DÜZENLEMELERİNDEN DOĞAN HUKUKİ SORUNLARIN İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 249 - 296, 27.07.2023

Halil Çeçen

Öz

Bu araştırmada, Avrupa Birliği’nin iklim değişikliği ile mücadele taahhütleri çerçevesinde önem arz eden yenilenebilir enerji alanının Birlik ile üye devletler arasında paylaşılan yetki alanı olarak düzenlenmesinin sonucunda doğan sorunlar ve çözüm arayışları Avrupa Birliği hukuku çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla birinci bölümde yenilenebilir enerji alanının sadece teşviki boyutu değil aynı zamanda Avrupa Birliği’nin serbest ticaret anlaşmalarında yatırımlar ve ticaret boyutu da ele alınmıştır. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının teşvikinde üye devletlerin yetkisi mevcutsa da, serbest ticaret anlaşmalarında yenilenebilir enerjide doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar ve mal ticareti boyutu ise Birliğin münhasır yetkisine girmektedir. Bu durum, Avrupa Birliği hukukunda yenilenebilir enerji alanının karmaşık yapısını ifade etmektedir. İkinci bölümde ise, üye devletlerin yenilenebilir enerji yatırımlarını teşvik amaçlı düzenledikleri ulusal destek mekanizmalarının, başta malların serbest dolaşımı olmak üzere, Kurucu Antlaşmalardaki hükümlerle çatışması değerlendirilmiştir. Son bölümde ise, yenilenebilir enerji alanının paylaşılan yetki alanı olarak düzenlenmesinden doğan sorunlara yönelik Avrupa Birliği hukukundaki çözüm arayışları tartışılmıştır. Nihai bulgu olarak ise, yenilenebilir enerji alanında üye devletler arasında ortak projelerin teşvik edilerek üye devletler arasında iş birliğinin sağlanmasının ve ulusal destek mekanizmalarının Avrupa Birliği iç pazar kurallarıyla uygunluğunun artırılmasının hedeflendiği gözlemlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

yenilenebilir enerji, paylaşılan yetki, ulusal destek mekanizmaları, Rehber İlkeler, tarife garantileri

Kaynakça

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