2020 Yılına Damgasını Vuran Pandemi: COVID-19'a (SARSCoV-2) Genel Bir Bakış

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 18 - 31, 30.04.2021

Fatma Kalaycı Yüksek , Defne Gümüş

Öz

Coronavirus hastalığı 2019 (COVID-19), SARS-CoV-2 olarak
isimlendirilen yeni koronavirüsün etken olduğu, Çin’den
yayılan ve tüm dünyada dikkatleri üzerine çeken bir enfeksiyon
hastalığıdır. COVID-19 tüm dünya genelinde neredeyse 219
ülkeye hızla yayılarak pandemi özelliği edinmiştir. Yarasalar
rezervuar olarak tanımlanmaktadır ve olası ara konaklar hala
araştırılmaktadır. Virus asemptomatik enfeksiyonlardan, şiddetli
pnömoni, akut solunum yetmezliği sendromu, sitokin fırtınası
ve ölümle sonuçlanan letal tablo ile ilişkilidir. Hastalığın ölümcül
şeklinin yaşlılık, immün yetersizlik ve kronik hastalıkların varlığı
ile ilişkili olduğu rapor edilmiştir. Şu ana değin COVID-19’a karşı
klinik olarak onaylanmış özel bir ilaç yoktur ve onaylı aşılara
ulaşım da sınırlı düzeydedir. Bu derlemede SARS-CoV-2’nin
genel özellikleri, sınıflandırılması, epidemiyolojisi, patogenezi,
tanı ve tedavi yöntemleri ile virusa karşı korunma stratejilerine
ilişkin bilgiler verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

COVID-19, pandemi, koronavirüsler, epidemiyoloji, SARS-CoV-2

Kaynakça

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