Galektinler ve Mide Kanseri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 8 - 15, 30.01.2024

Ayşe Aksu İlhan Yaylım

Öz

Mide kanseri ülkelere göre histopatolojik ve epidemiyolojik farklılıklar gösteren hete¬rojen bir kanser türüdür
ve dünya genelinde yaygın olarak görülmektedir. Mide
kanseri Helicobacter pylori ve Epstein-Barr virüsü (EBV)
enfeksiyonları gibi mikrobiyal, aile öyküsü, A kan grubu,
E-kaderin gen mutasyonu içeren genetik ve sigara, alkol
tüketimi, yağ, karbonhidrat, nitrat ve tuz oranı yüksek gıda
tüketimi gibi çevresel faktörlerin etkisiyle ortaya çıkabilen
bir kanser türüdür. Mide kanserinde hayatta kalma oranlarının düşük olması nedeniyle; ileri evre mide kanserine
yönelik alternatif tedavilerin geliştirilmesi önemlidir. Günümüzde, kemoterapi, radyoterapi, immünoterapi alanlarında gerçekleşen ilerlemelere karşın iyileşme için ilk tercih genellikle cerrahi tedavidir Galektinler, 130 amino asit
(aa) barındıran karbonhidrat tanıma sahaları (crd) içerisinde evrimsel olarak korunmuş β –galaktozidleri bağlayan bir protein sınıfı olarak tanımlanır. Günümüze kadar
12 tanesi insanlarda olmak üzere memelilerde 16 farklı
Galektin tanımlanmıştır. Galektinler, yapısal özelliklerine ve polipeptit zincirin CRD sayılarına göre; Prototipik
(Gal-1,-2,-5,-7,-10,-11,-13,-14) Tandem-Tekrar (Gal-4,-
2,-8,-9,-12) ve Kimera (Gal-3) olmak üzere üç alt grupta
toplanır. Lektin ailesi üyelerinden Galektinler; tümör mikro çevresinde yüksek oranda bulunması, hücre göçü, kanserle ilgili birçok sinyal iletimi ve immün sistemin düzenlenmesinde görev alması gibi özellikleri nedeniyle kanser
çalışmalarında araştırılan proteinlerdir. Mide kanserinin
oluşum ve gelişim mekanizmasının daha iyi anlaşılması,
kişiye özel terapilerin ve hedefe yönelik potansiyel biyobelirteçlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla başta Gal-3 olmak üzere
moleküler düzeyde mide kanseri ile ilişkisinin anlaşılabilmesi ve aynı şekilde, Gal-4, Gal-7 Gal-9 gibi diğer Galektin
üyelerinin de mide ve diğer kanser türlerindeki rolünü belirlenebilmesi, tanı ve tedavi süreçlerine etkisinin anlaşılabilmesi için daha ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

mide kanseri, galektin, biyobelirteç

Kaynakça

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