Glioblastoma Gelişimi, Tanı ve Tedavisinde Eksozomların Rolü

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 93 - 100, 31.07.2024

Varol Güler Sacide Pehlivan

Öz

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) yetişkinlerde görülen en
agresif ve tedaviye dirençli primer beyin tümörlerinden biridir. Son yıllarda, hücreler arası iletişimde rol oynayan küçük
hücre dışı veziküller olan eksozomlar, kanser ilerlemesi ve
tedavi direncindeki rolleri nedeniyle büyük ilgi görmektedir.
Glioblastoma kaynaklı eksozomlar, tümör hücreleri, stromal
hücreler ve bağışıklık hücreleri arasında çift yönlü sinyalleşmeyi kolaylaştırarak, tümör mikroçevresinde hücreler arası
iletişimin kilit aracıları olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu eksozomlar, tümör biyolojisinin çeşitli yönlerini kolektif bir şekilde modüle eden proteinler, nükleik asitler ve lipidler dahil
olmak üzere çeşitli biyoaktif molekül kargoları taşır. Bu moleküllerin eksozom yolu ile transferi hedef hücrede proliferasyonunu, invazyonunu, anjiyogenezi, immün baskılanmayı
ve tedavi direncini teşvik eder. Bununla birlikte, glioblastomadan elde edilen eksozomlar, tanısal ve prognostik öneme
sahip zengin bir biyomolekül repertuvarı barındırır. Ayrıca,
eksozomlar glioblastoma tedavisi için umut verici terapötik
yollar da sunmaktadır. Küçük moleküllü ilaçlar, nükleik asitler ve immünomodülatör moleküller de dahil olmak üzere
terapötik kargoları tümör hücrelerine hedefli olarak iletmek
üzere tasarlanabilirler. Sonuç olarak, eksozomların glioblastom ilerlemesi, teşhisi ve tedavisindeki rollerinin anlaşılması,
kişiselleştirilmiş tıp için yeni terapötik stratejiler ve biyobelirteçler hakkında bir bilgi birikimi sağlar ve nihayetinde bu
zorlu hastalıkta hasta sonuçlarını iyileştirmeyi amaçlar. Bu
derleme, glioblastoma ve eksozomlar arasındaki çok yönlü
etkileşimin tümör ilerlemesi, tanı ve terapötik stratejilere katkılarına ışık tutmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Glioblastoma, eksozom, glioma, ilaç direnci

Kaynakça

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