DONGJING ESKİ ÇİN MÜZİĞİNDE RİTÜEL VE TÖRENE İLİŞKİN FONKSİYONLARIN MÜZİKOLOJİK ANALİZİ

Öz

Bu çalışma, Dongjing müziğinde ritüel ve törene ilişkin işlevlerin nasıl içkin olduğunu müzikolojik açıdan incelemekte, özellikle Qiqushan Tapınağı’ndaki Wenchang Dongjing Topluluğu’nun repertuvarı ve icra pratiklerine odaklanmaktadır. Araştırmada nitel etnomüzikolojik bir yöntem kullanılmış; katılımcı gözlem, yapılandırılmış görüşmeler, müzik transkripsiyonu ve görsel-işitsel dokümantasyon bir araya getirilmiştir. Kıdemli müzisyenler, kültürel aktarıcılar ve topluluk katılımcılarından oluşan yedi temel bilgi kaynağı, hem teknik icra pratiklerini hem de sembolik anlamı aydınlatan katkılar sunmuştur. Veriler, müzikal özelliklerin çağrı, geçiş ve kapanış dâhil olmak üzere törensel aşamalarla bağlantılarını ortaya koymak amacıyla yapısal, bağlamsal ve yorumsal sentez yoluyla analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, Bian-Gong hekzatonik dizisinin, heterofonik dokuların ve ritmik kadansların ritüel göstergeler olarak işlev gördüğünü ortaya koymuştur. Aynı zamanda, özellikle Wenchang Guyue eseri, ilahi varlığın çağrılması ve toplumsal kimliğin teyidi için bir araç görevi görmektedir. Bilgi kaynakları, müzik ve değerlerin kuşaklar arası aktarımını kutsal bir görev olarak vurgulamış, tapınak temelli öğretimin her ikisinin de sürekliliğini güvence altına aldığını belirtmiştir. Öneriler, topluluk odaklı eğitimin, ritüel bağlamlar için kurumsal desteğin ve dijital medyanın dengeli kullanımının önemine işaret etmektedir. Çalışma, Dongjing müziğini ritüel, maneviyat ve müzikal sanatın birleştiği dinamik bir miras sistemi olarak doğrulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kültürel sürdürülebilirlik
• heterofoni
• kuşaklar arası aktarım
• törensel sembolizm
• somut olmayan miras

MUSICOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF RITUAL AND CEREMONIAL FUNCTIONS IN DONGJING ANCIENT CHINESE MUSIC

Abstract

This study provides a musicological analysis of how ritual and ceremonial functions are embedded in Dongjing music, with a focus on the repertoire and performance practices of the Wenchang Dongjing Ensemble at Qiqushan Temple. The research employed a qualitative ethnomusicological methodology, combining participatory observation, structured interviews, musical transcription, and audio-visual documentation. Seven key informants, including senior musicians, cultural transmitters, and community participants, contributed insights that illuminated both technical performance practices and symbolic significance. Data were analyzed through structural, contextual, and interpretive synthesis, linking musical features with ceremonial stages, including invocation, transition, and closure. Results revealed that the Bian-Gong hexatonic mode, heterophonic textures, and rhythmic cadenzas function as ritual markers. At the same time, the repertoire, particularly Wenchang Guyue, serves as a medium for invoking divine presence and affirming communal identity. Informants emphasized the intergenerational transmission of music and values as a sacred duty, with temple-based teaching ensuring the continuity of both. Suggestions highlight the importance of community-led education, institutional support for ritual contexts, and balanced use of digital media. The study affirms Dongjing music as a dynamic heritage system where ritual, spirituality, and musical artistry converge.

Keywords

• Cultural sustainability
• heterophony
• intergenerational transmission
• ceremonial symbolism
• intangible heritage

Kaynakça

1. Burgos, D. (2024). Research on Rituals and Music (pp. 93–152). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54431-6_7
2. Chung, J., Kobzar, T., Otkydach, V., Riabchun, I., & Ivanenko, O. (2025). KÜRESELLEŞMENIN MÜZIKAL EĞILIMLER VE KÜLTÜREL IFADELER ÜZERINDEKI ETKISININ ANALIZI. Yegah Müzikoloji Dergisi, 8(2), 618–642. https://doi.org/10.51576/ymd.1667712
3. Derbaix, C., & Derbaix, M. (2019). Intergenerational transmissions and sharing of musical taste practices. Journal of Marketing Management, 35(17–18), 1600–1623. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2019.1669691
4. Diko, M. (2024). Wedding Songs Entwine Souls: Applying Ethnomusicology in the Didactic and Pedagogical Dimensions of AmaXhosa Wedding Songs. Southern African Journal for Folklore Studies, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.25159/2663-6697/13784
5. Evgenyevna Shafazhinskaya, N., Lvovna Kats, M., Vladimirovich Smirnov, A., Aleksandrovna Ovsyannikova, V., & Gennadievna Kruglova, M. (2020). INTEGRATION OF TRADITIONS IN CROSSOVER MUSIC AS A WAY TO BRIDGE THE INTERGENERATIONAL GAP. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(6), 1230–1234. https://doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.76174
6. Fan, C., Duan, Q., Chen, J., Mambetakunov, U., & Adylbek Kyzy, G. (2025). KIRGIZİSTAN VE ÇİN’DE MÜZİK ÖĞRETİM UYGULAMALARINDA GELENEKSEL MÜZİK ENTEGRASYONUNUN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ. Yegah Müzikoloji Dergisi, 8(3), 1527–1557. https://doi.org/10.51576/ymd.1743640
7. Glivinsky, V. V. (2022). The Listener and the Work as the Dualistic Basis for the Morphological Analysis of Music. Problemy Muzykal’noi Nauki / Music Scholarship, 4, 110–126. https://doi.org/10.56620/2782-3598.2022.4.110-126
8. GÜLMEZ, S., DE THORPE MILLARD, E., & ÇEREZCİOĞLU, A. B. (2023). Popüler müziğin azımsanmış müzik türü black metal: medya ve farklı müzik türleri seslendiricilerinin stereotipleri. Yegah Müzikoloji Dergisi, 6(3), 529–549. https://doi.org/10.51576/ymd.1401421

9. Heimarck, B. R. (2022). Musical Ritual and Ritual Music. Musicological Annual, 58(1), 43–59. https://doi.org/10.4312/mz.58.1.43-59
10. Hou, Y., Kenderdine, S., Picca, D., Egloff, M., & Adamou, A. (2022). Digitizing Intangible Cultural Heritage Embodied: State of the Art. Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage, 15(3), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1145/3494837
11. Ivsic, L., McCormack, J., & Dziekan, V. (2025). Transhuman Ansambl: a system for immersive and performative experience of music heritage. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2025.2543755
12. Jaschok, M. (2025). Women’s Mosques in China. In The Cambridge Companion to Women and Islam (pp. 234–258). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009206587.012
13. Jian, S., & Chuangprakhon, S. (2025). Dongjıng çin halk müziğinin korunması ve aktarılması için tarihsel gelişim ve müziksel özellikler. Yegah Müzikoloji Dergisi, 8(1), 22–45. https://doi.org/10.51576/ymd.1587823
14. Jian, S., Chuangprakhon, S., & Santaveesuk, P. (2024). Dongjing Chinese Folk Music in Enhancing Musical Literacy and Education. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 12(4), 151–158. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.12n.4p.151
15. Komarenko, O., Gold, R., & Ramirez, G. (2025). How music education students embrace pre-performance rituals to enhance their craft. Psychology of Music. https://doi.org/10.1177/03057356251331062
16. Krishnanandayani, J. D., & Chakraborty, E. (2025). The role of rhythm in religious rituals: Supporting the spirituality of Hindu-Buddhist communities in the context of eschatology. Life and Death: Journal of Eschatology, 2(2), 64–78. https://doi.org/10.61511/lad.v2i2.2025.1615
17. Liu, Y., & Song, Y. (2025). The role of Chinese folk ritual music in biodiversity conservation: an ethnobiological perspective from the Lingnan region. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 21(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-025-00755-7
18. McCandlish, A., & McPherson, G. (2021). Promoting tangible and intangible hidden cultural heritage: local communities influencing civic decision-making and international cultural policy. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 27(5), 683–698. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2020.1822348
19. Ping, S., Chuangprakhon, S., Santaveesuk, P., & You, L. (2024). The Evolution of Dong Small Songs and Cultural Change in Chinese Folk Music. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(3), 1530–1540. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i3.3335
20. Qiu, L., Chuangprakhon, S., & Jian, S. (2023). Qualitative analysis of the transmission and preservation strategies for Qin’an Xiaoqu folk music in Gansu, China. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 6(4), 2024048. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024048
21. Rees, H. (2021). Music, tourism, and cultural exchange among the Naxi of Southwest China. In Routledge Handbook of Asian Music: Cultural Intersections (pp. 320–354). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003142720-14
22. Rehfeldt, R. A., Tyndall, I., & Belisle, J. (2021). Music as a Cultural Inheritance System: A Contextual-Behavioral Model of Symbolism, Meaning, and the Value of Music. Behavior and Social Issues, 30(1), 749–773. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42822-021-00084-w
23. Si, J., & Han, J. (2025). Laozi Belief and Taoism in the Western Regions—An Analysis with a Focus on the Cultural Strategy of the Han and Tang Dynasties for the Western Regions. Religions, 16(3), 392. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16030392
24. Theodosopoulou, I. (2019). Semiotic approaches to “traditional music”, musical/poetic structures, and ethnographic research. Semiotica, 2019(229), 123–150. https://doi.org/10.1515/sem-2017-0123
25. Titon, J. T. (2021). Ethnography in the study of congregational music. In Studying Congregational Music (pp. 64–80). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429492020-6
26. Usal, G. (2025). Orta asya ve osmanlı müzik kültüründe kanun sazı: tarihsel ve teknik bir karşılaştırma. Yegah Müzikoloji Dergisi, 8(2), 314–338. https://doi.org/10.51576/ymd.1662661
27. Xie, Z., Woramitmaitree, N., & Chuangprakhon, S. (2024). Musical characteristics of the western flute integration into chinese music: a focus on little fısh pink cheeks song. Yegah Müzikoloji Dergisi, 7(4), 965–991. https://doi.org/10.51576/ymd.1568003
28. Yang, F., Chonpairot, J., You, L., & Li, J. (2024). Guqin: The Physical Structure and Literary Significance of Chinese Traditional Musical Instruments. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 12(2), 111–117. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.12n.2p.111
29. Yikun, D. (2024). Symphonic music and cultural statecraft: the rise of symphonic statecraft in the post-Mao China. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2024.2402243
30. Zain El Shandidy, M. (2023). The power of intangible heritage in sustainable development. International Journal of Advanced Studies in World Archaeology, 6(2), 92–97. https://doi.org/10.21608/ijaswa.2024.275163.1043