Psikiyatri Kliniğinde Yatarak Tedavi Gören Hastaların Bakım Gereksinimleri: Nitel Bir Çalışma

Öz

Giriş: Psikiyatri kliniklerinde yatarak tedavi gören hastalar, hem fiziksel hem de psikososyal alanlarda çok boyutlu bakım gereksinimlerine sahiptir. Psikiyatrik bozuklukların karmaşıklığı, bakımın bireyselleştirilmesi ve aynı zamanda standartlaştırılması gerekliliği, bu gereksinimlerin doğru biçimde belirlenmesini zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu durum, hemşirelik bakımının niteliği, hasta güvenliği ve bakım kalitesi açısından kritik önem taşımaktadır. Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, psikiyatri kliniğinde yatarak tedavi gören hastaların bakım gereksinimlerini, psikiyatri hemşirelerinin görüşlerine dayalı olarak incelemektir. Yöntem: Bu çalışma, nitel, tanımlayıcı bir araştırmadır. Araştırma, Nisan–Haziran 2025 tarihleri arasında, kartopu örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak psikiyatri kliniklerinde bakım verme deneyimi olan 20 hemşire ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma verileri yarı yapılandırılmış form aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Görüşmeler, Zoom üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiş, ses ve görüntü kaydı alınarak çözümlenmiştir. Görüşmeler, tematik analiz yöntemi ile, tümdengelimsel (dedüktif) bir yaklaşım doğrultusunda analiz edilmiş, kodlar MaxQDA programına aktarılmıştır. Araştırma, Nitel Araştırmaların Raporlanmasına İlişkin Konsolide Kriterler’ine göre raporlanmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcı görüşleri doğrultusunda dört ana tema ve on altı alt tema belirlenmiştir. “Fizyolojik yaşam” temasında hijyen, uyku, beslenme, boşaltım, hareket ve vital bulgular öne çıkmıştır. “Güvenlik” temasında kendine/çevresine zarar verme riski ve ilaç güvenliği; “psikososyal destek” temasında psikoterapötik müdahaleler, emosyonel destek, aile iş birliği ve iletişim; “tedavi süreci ve uyum” temasında ise tedaviye uyum, psiko-eğitim, taburculuk ve rol performansı yer almıştır. Ayrıca, hemşireler bakım gereksinimlerini belirlemede gözlem, görüşme, ilk değerlendirme ve multidisipliner vizitleri temel yöntemler olarak belirtmiş; bakımın iyileştirilmesine yönelik eğitim, standart protokoller, rehabilitasyon hizmetleri ve ekip iş birliğinin önemini vurgulamıştır. Sonuç: Araştırma, psikiyatri hemşireliğinde bakım gereksinimlerinin çok boyutlu olduğunu ve bütüncül yaklaşımların zorunluluğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bulgular, hasta merkezli bakımın güçlendirilmesi, multidisipliner iş birliği ve kanıta dayalı hemşirelik uygulamalarının önemini vurgulamaktadır. Gelecek araştırmalarda hasta ve hasta yakınlarının bakış açılarının da değerlendirilmesi önerilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Psikiyatri hemşireliği
• bakım gereksinimi
• nitel araştırma
• yatan hasta

Care Needs of Inpatients in Psychiatric Clinics: A Qualitative Study

Öz

Abstract Introduction: Inpatient psychiatric patients necessitate comprehensive care that addresses both physical and psychosocial requirements. The intricacy of psychiatric diseases requires a balance between personalized and standardized care, rendering precise evaluation essential for quality nursing, patient safety, and overall care results. Objective: This study explores the care requirements of inpatients in psychiatric facilities, emphasizing psychiatric nurses’ perspectives. Method: This study is qualitative, descriptive research. The research was conducted between April and June 2025 with 20 nurses who had experience providing care in psychiatric clinics, using snowball sampling. Research data were collected using a semi-structured form. Interviews were conducted via Zoom, and audio and video recordings were made and transcribed. The interviews were analyzed using the thematic analysis method, following a deductive approach, and the codes were transferred to the MaxQDA program. The study was reported according to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research. Results: The analysis identified four primary themes and sixteen subthemes. The concept of "physiological life" encompassed cleanliness, sleep, nourishment, elimination, mobility, and vital signs. “Safety” included self-injury, potential harm to others, and the safety of medications. “Psychosocial support” encompassed psychotherapy therapies, emotional assistance, familial engagement, and communication. The "treatment process and compliance" encompassed treatment adherence, psychoeducation, discharge planning, and role fulfillment. Nurses recognized observation, interviews, initial assessments, and interdisciplinary visits as fundamental techniques for assessing care requirements. They emphasized the significance of patient education, standardized protocols, rehabilitation, and collaborative teamwork in enhancing care quality. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the needs of psychiatric nursing care are multifaceted, necessitating a holistic, patient-centered, and evidence-based methodology. Improving interdisciplinary collaboration and systematic nursing interventions is crucial. Subsequent research should incorporate the viewpoints of patients and relatives to guarantee a more comprehensive comprehension of treatment requirements. Keywords: Psychiatric nursing, care needs, qualitative research, inpatients

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Keywords: Psychiatric nursing
• care needs
• qualitative research
• inpatients

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