Araştırma Makalesi
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Evlilik Kurumunun Botswana’ daki Dönüşümü Üzerine Ampirik Bir Çalışma: Francistown Örneği

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 190 - 202, 30.10.2019

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı Botsvana'da evlilik kurumunun nasıl bir dönüşüm içinde olduğunu araştırmaktır. Evlilik hakkındaki görüşler farklı kültürler, dinler ve toplumlar arasında değişse de, dünya genelinde evlilik olgusu sosyal açıdan kabul görmektedir. Botsvana'da evlilikler aileleri bir araya getirir, akrabalık ilişkilerini güçlendirir ve çoğu durumda aileler ve topluluklar arasında siyasi ve sosyal ittifaklar oluşturur. Evlilik kurumu Tsvana toplumu tarafından önemli olarak görülmektedir ve sosyal, politik ve ekonomik kurumların yapı taşını oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sorusunu ele almak için bu çalışma, evlilikteki değişiklikleri tartışmak ve analiz etmek için nitel ve nicel ikincil kaynakları kullanarak küreselleşme ve modernleşme gibi faktörlerin bu değişikliklere nasıl etki ettiğini araştırır. Bulgular, Botsvana'daki insanların hala evlenmeyi seçmelerine rağmen, evlilik oranlarının düştüğünü ve evlenmeden birlikte yaşayan çiftlerin giderek arttığını göstermektedir. Ebeveynler, çocuklarının kiminle evleneceği konusunda otoriteyi kaybetmektedirler. Bogadi (başlık parası) hala uygulanmaktadır ancak bazı aileler ile kızları için tazminat almak adına bir fırsat olarak da kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu olguların Tsvana evlilik kurumunun temeli olan gelenek ve değerleri değiştirdiği gözlemlenmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Adshade, M. E. & Kaiser, B. A. (2008). The Origins of the Institutions of Marriage. Queen’s Economics Department Working Paper No. 1180
  • Amato, P. R. (2005). The Impact of Family Formation Change on the Cognitive, Social, and Emotional Well-Being of the Next Generation. The Future of Children 15(2), 75-96. Princeton University.
  • Amin, S. & Al-Bassusi, N. H. (2004). Education, wage work, and marriage: perspectives of Egyptian working women. Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 66, No.5, p1287-1299.
  • Anderson, R. T. (2013). Marriage: What It Is, Why It Matters, and the Consequences of Redefining It. Backgrounder No. 2775 March 11, 2013.
  • Beautiful world (2019). Map of Africa: Location of BotswanaRetrieved from: https://www.beautifulworld.com/
  • Celello K. (2009). Making Marriage work: A History of Marriage and Divorce in the twentieth century United States.
  • Chida, D. (2016, September 2). Love-struck. The Voice Newspaper, Botswana. Retrieved from: https://thevoicebw.com/love-struck/
  • Coontz S. (2005). Marriage, a History from Obedience to Intimacy, or How Love Conquered Marriage – Viking adult.
  • Denbow, J. & Thebe, P. C. (2006). Culture and customs of Botswana. Greenwood Press, London.
  • Events Botswana (2019, April 4). Tashy’s royal garden Wedding ExpoRetrieved from: https://www.events.co.bw/events/category/exhibitions/2019-04-06/
  • Fotter, T. G. (2013). “Perspectives in an Age of modernization and globalization: A comparative study of the United States and Botswana”, LUX: A Journal of Transdisciplinary Writing & Research from Claremont Graduate University: Vol.3:Iss.1, Article 5.
  • Gadoua, S. P. & Larson, V. (2014). The New I Do: Reshaping Marriage for Skeptics, Realists and Rebels Paperback.
  • Gage-Brandon, A.J. (1993). The formation and stability of informal unions in Cote D'ivoire. 24. 219-233.
  • Gaisie, S. K. (1995). Determinants of fertility decline in Botswana. African population studies, Vol.10, November 1995.
  • Jobeta, T. & Nwauche, E. S. (2015). Double Marriages in Botswana: Possibilities Implications and Comparative Perspectives, International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, Volume 29, Issue 1, April 2015, 121–131.
  • Kubanji R. (2004). Nuptiality Patterns and Trends in Botswana: Population and Housing Census 2011 – Analytical Report. Statistics Botswana.
  • Leith, J. C. (2005). Why Botswana Prospered. McGill-Queen’s University Press.
  • Mberengwa, L. R. (2007). Family Strengths Perspectives from Botswana. Marriage & Family Review, Vol 41 – Issue 1-2, 27-46.
  • Meekers D. (1993). The noble custom of Roora: The marriage practices of the Shona of Zimbabwe. Ethnology, Vol. 32, No. 1 (winter, 1993), pp. 35-54.
  • Moeti, B. & Mokgolodi, H. L. (2017). Indigenous Marital Therapy: A Case of Botswana. International Journal of Social Science Studies, Vol 5, No 11.
  • Mokomane, Z. (2005). Cohabitation in Botswana: An Alternative or a Prelude to Marriage? African Population Studies Vol.20 n°1.
  • Molokomme, A. 1990. "Woman's Law in Botswana: Laws and Research Needs". In The Legal Situation of Women in Southern Africa, Edited by J. Stewart and A. Armstrong. Harare, University of Zimbabwe Publications.
  • Mukiza-Gapere, J. & Ntozi, J.P.M. (1995). Impact of AIDS on Marriage Patterns, Customs and Practices in Uganda. Health transition review: the cultural, social, and behavioural determinants of health. 5 Suppl. 201-8.
  • Pauli, J. & van Dijk, R. (2017). Marriage as an end or the end of marriage? Change and continuity in Southern African marriages, Anthropology Southern Africa, 39:4, 257-266.
  • Penner, B. (2004) ‘‘A Vision of Love and Luxury’’: The Commercialization of Nineteenth-Century American Weddings.
  • Popenoe, D. (1988). Social institutions and social change. Disturbing the nest: Family change and decline in modern societies. Hawthorne, NY, US: Aldine de Gruyter.
  • Raditloaneng W. N. & Molosi K. (2014). A Gendered view of Intergenerational Sex, and Materialism in Predisposition to HIV/AIDS: Implications for Adult Higher Education in Botswana. Journal Research in Peace, Gender and Development (JRPGD) Vol.4 (3) pp. 38-47.
  • Shapiro, D. & Gebreselassie, T. (2014). Marriage in Sub-Saharan Africa: Trends, determinants, and consequences. Population research and policy review, Vol. 33, No. 2, Special Issue: First union patterns around the world (April 2014), pp. 229-255. Springer
  • Solway J. S. (2017). “Slow marriage”, “Fast bogadi”: Change and continuity in Marriage in Botswana. Anthropology Southern Africa, 39:4, 309-322.
  • Solway, J. S. (1990). Affines and spouses, friends and lovers: The passing of polygyny in Botswana. Journal of Anthropological Research, Vol.46, No.1 (spring, 1990), pp.41-66.
  • Statistics Botswana, (2016). Selected statistical indicators 1966-2016. Statistics Botswana.
  • Statistics Botswana, (2017). Botswana demographic survey report 2017. Statistics Botswana
  • Stevenson, B. & Wolfers, J. (2007). Marriage and Divorce: Changes and Their Driving Forces. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 21. 27-52.
  • Tashy’s Royal Gardens (2017, November 14). Wedding in box: white box promotion. Facebook
  • Tokuhiro Y. (2010). Marriage in Contemporary Japan. Routledge.
  • West R. (2007). Marriage, Sexuality and Gender (Initiations: Sex and Gender in Contemporary Perspective), Paradigm Publishers.
  • Wimalasena, N. A. (2016). An Analytical Study of Definitions of the Term “Marriage”. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol.6, No.1.van Dijk, R. (2017). The tent versus lobola : marriage, monetary intimacies and the new face of responsibility in Botswana. Anthropology Southern Africa. 40. 29-41.

An Empirical Study on the Transformation of Marriage in Botswana: a Case Study of Francistown

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 190 - 202, 30.10.2019

Öz

The aim of this study is to explore the transformation of marriage in Botswana. Even though the view on marriage varies between cultures, religions and societies around the world – it is socially recognised worldwide. Marriage in Botswana brings families together, kinship relations are strengthened, political and social alliances between families and communities are formed. Marriage forms a significant part of Tswana society and it has been the building block of social, political and economic institutions. To address the research question, the study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative secondary sources to discuss and analyse the changes in marriage, and explore how factors such as globalisation and modernisation have contributed to these changes. The findings show that despite the fact that Batswana still choose to get married, the marital rates have decreased and there is a growing increase of couples that are living together without being married. Parents have lost the authority over who their children will get married to. Bogadi (bridewealth) is still practised but it has become more commercialised with some families using it as an opportunity to seek compensation for their daughter. These changes have altered the traditions and values that are the foundation of Tswana marriage.

Kaynakça

  • Adshade, M. E. & Kaiser, B. A. (2008). The Origins of the Institutions of Marriage. Queen’s Economics Department Working Paper No. 1180
  • Amato, P. R. (2005). The Impact of Family Formation Change on the Cognitive, Social, and Emotional Well-Being of the Next Generation. The Future of Children 15(2), 75-96. Princeton University.
  • Amin, S. & Al-Bassusi, N. H. (2004). Education, wage work, and marriage: perspectives of Egyptian working women. Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 66, No.5, p1287-1299.
  • Anderson, R. T. (2013). Marriage: What It Is, Why It Matters, and the Consequences of Redefining It. Backgrounder No. 2775 March 11, 2013.
  • Beautiful world (2019). Map of Africa: Location of BotswanaRetrieved from: https://www.beautifulworld.com/
  • Celello K. (2009). Making Marriage work: A History of Marriage and Divorce in the twentieth century United States.
  • Chida, D. (2016, September 2). Love-struck. The Voice Newspaper, Botswana. Retrieved from: https://thevoicebw.com/love-struck/
  • Coontz S. (2005). Marriage, a History from Obedience to Intimacy, or How Love Conquered Marriage – Viking adult.
  • Denbow, J. & Thebe, P. C. (2006). Culture and customs of Botswana. Greenwood Press, London.
  • Events Botswana (2019, April 4). Tashy’s royal garden Wedding ExpoRetrieved from: https://www.events.co.bw/events/category/exhibitions/2019-04-06/
  • Fotter, T. G. (2013). “Perspectives in an Age of modernization and globalization: A comparative study of the United States and Botswana”, LUX: A Journal of Transdisciplinary Writing & Research from Claremont Graduate University: Vol.3:Iss.1, Article 5.
  • Gadoua, S. P. & Larson, V. (2014). The New I Do: Reshaping Marriage for Skeptics, Realists and Rebels Paperback.
  • Gage-Brandon, A.J. (1993). The formation and stability of informal unions in Cote D'ivoire. 24. 219-233.
  • Gaisie, S. K. (1995). Determinants of fertility decline in Botswana. African population studies, Vol.10, November 1995.
  • Jobeta, T. & Nwauche, E. S. (2015). Double Marriages in Botswana: Possibilities Implications and Comparative Perspectives, International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, Volume 29, Issue 1, April 2015, 121–131.
  • Kubanji R. (2004). Nuptiality Patterns and Trends in Botswana: Population and Housing Census 2011 – Analytical Report. Statistics Botswana.
  • Leith, J. C. (2005). Why Botswana Prospered. McGill-Queen’s University Press.
  • Mberengwa, L. R. (2007). Family Strengths Perspectives from Botswana. Marriage & Family Review, Vol 41 – Issue 1-2, 27-46.
  • Meekers D. (1993). The noble custom of Roora: The marriage practices of the Shona of Zimbabwe. Ethnology, Vol. 32, No. 1 (winter, 1993), pp. 35-54.
  • Moeti, B. & Mokgolodi, H. L. (2017). Indigenous Marital Therapy: A Case of Botswana. International Journal of Social Science Studies, Vol 5, No 11.
  • Mokomane, Z. (2005). Cohabitation in Botswana: An Alternative or a Prelude to Marriage? African Population Studies Vol.20 n°1.
  • Molokomme, A. 1990. "Woman's Law in Botswana: Laws and Research Needs". In The Legal Situation of Women in Southern Africa, Edited by J. Stewart and A. Armstrong. Harare, University of Zimbabwe Publications.
  • Mukiza-Gapere, J. & Ntozi, J.P.M. (1995). Impact of AIDS on Marriage Patterns, Customs and Practices in Uganda. Health transition review: the cultural, social, and behavioural determinants of health. 5 Suppl. 201-8.
  • Pauli, J. & van Dijk, R. (2017). Marriage as an end or the end of marriage? Change and continuity in Southern African marriages, Anthropology Southern Africa, 39:4, 257-266.
  • Penner, B. (2004) ‘‘A Vision of Love and Luxury’’: The Commercialization of Nineteenth-Century American Weddings.
  • Popenoe, D. (1988). Social institutions and social change. Disturbing the nest: Family change and decline in modern societies. Hawthorne, NY, US: Aldine de Gruyter.
  • Raditloaneng W. N. & Molosi K. (2014). A Gendered view of Intergenerational Sex, and Materialism in Predisposition to HIV/AIDS: Implications for Adult Higher Education in Botswana. Journal Research in Peace, Gender and Development (JRPGD) Vol.4 (3) pp. 38-47.
  • Shapiro, D. & Gebreselassie, T. (2014). Marriage in Sub-Saharan Africa: Trends, determinants, and consequences. Population research and policy review, Vol. 33, No. 2, Special Issue: First union patterns around the world (April 2014), pp. 229-255. Springer
  • Solway J. S. (2017). “Slow marriage”, “Fast bogadi”: Change and continuity in Marriage in Botswana. Anthropology Southern Africa, 39:4, 309-322.
  • Solway, J. S. (1990). Affines and spouses, friends and lovers: The passing of polygyny in Botswana. Journal of Anthropological Research, Vol.46, No.1 (spring, 1990), pp.41-66.
  • Statistics Botswana, (2016). Selected statistical indicators 1966-2016. Statistics Botswana.
  • Statistics Botswana, (2017). Botswana demographic survey report 2017. Statistics Botswana
  • Stevenson, B. & Wolfers, J. (2007). Marriage and Divorce: Changes and Their Driving Forces. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 21. 27-52.
  • Tashy’s Royal Gardens (2017, November 14). Wedding in box: white box promotion. Facebook
  • Tokuhiro Y. (2010). Marriage in Contemporary Japan. Routledge.
  • West R. (2007). Marriage, Sexuality and Gender (Initiations: Sex and Gender in Contemporary Perspective), Paradigm Publishers.
  • Wimalasena, N. A. (2016). An Analytical Study of Definitions of the Term “Marriage”. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol.6, No.1.van Dijk, R. (2017). The tent versus lobola : marriage, monetary intimacies and the new face of responsibility in Botswana. Anthropology Southern Africa. 40. 29-41.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Tshepo Pam Mathafeni 0000-0002-5729-1772

Setenay Nil Doğan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ekim 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Mathafeni, T. P., & Nil Doğan, S. (2019). An Empirical Study on the Transformation of Marriage in Botswana: a Case Study of Francistown. Yıldız Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 3(2), 190-202.
AMA Mathafeni TP, Nil Doğan S. An Empirical Study on the Transformation of Marriage in Botswana: a Case Study of Francistown. Yıldız Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. Ekim 2019;3(2):190-202.
Chicago Mathafeni, Tshepo Pam, ve Setenay Nil Doğan. “An Empirical Study on the Transformation of Marriage in Botswana: A Case Study of Francistown”. Yıldız Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 3, sy. 2 (Ekim 2019): 190-202.
EndNote Mathafeni TP, Nil Doğan S (01 Ekim 2019) An Empirical Study on the Transformation of Marriage in Botswana: a Case Study of Francistown. Yıldız Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 3 2 190–202.
IEEE T. P. Mathafeni ve S. Nil Doğan, “An Empirical Study on the Transformation of Marriage in Botswana: a Case Study of Francistown”, Yıldız Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 2, ss. 190–202, 2019.
ISNAD Mathafeni, Tshepo Pam - Nil Doğan, Setenay. “An Empirical Study on the Transformation of Marriage in Botswana: A Case Study of Francistown”. Yıldız Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 3/2 (Ekim 2019), 190-202.
JAMA Mathafeni TP, Nil Doğan S. An Empirical Study on the Transformation of Marriage in Botswana: a Case Study of Francistown. Yıldız Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2019;3:190–202.
MLA Mathafeni, Tshepo Pam ve Setenay Nil Doğan. “An Empirical Study on the Transformation of Marriage in Botswana: A Case Study of Francistown”. Yıldız Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 2, 2019, ss. 190-02.
Vancouver Mathafeni TP, Nil Doğan S. An Empirical Study on the Transformation of Marriage in Botswana: a Case Study of Francistown. Yıldız Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2019;3(2):190-202.