LAHEY KURALLARI, LAHEY-VİSBY KURALLARI, HAMBURG KURALLARI VE ROTTERDAM KURALLARI KAPSAMINDA DENİZ YOLUYLA TEHLİKELİ MADDE TAŞIMACILIĞI

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı deniz yoluyla tehlikeli madde taşımacılığında Konişmentoya Müteallik Bazı Kaidelerin Tevhidi Hakkındaki Milletlerarası Sözleşme (1924), 1968 tarihli Konişmentoya Dair Bazı Kaidelerin Birleştirilmesi Hakkında 25.8.1924 Tarihli Brüksel Sözleşmesi’nin Tadiline Dair Protokol, Birleşmiş Milletler Denizde Eşya Taşıma Sözleşmesi (1978) ve Tamamen veya Kısmen Deniz Yoluyla Uluslararası Eşya Taşınması Hakkında Birleşmiş Milletler Konvansiyonu (2008) kapsamında taşıtan ve taşıyan arasında risklerin nasıl dağıtıldığını belirlemektir. Riskin taraflar arasında dağıtımını belirlemek için bu çalışma tehlikeli maddelerin tanımını, taşıtanın yükümlülüklerini, taşıyanın haklarını, taşıtanın tehlikeli madde taşımacılığında sorumluluğunun temelini ve kapsamını ve yükümlülüklerin ihlali ile kayıp veya zarar arasındaki nedensellik bağını incelemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tehlikeli maddeler
• sorumluluk
• yükümlülükler
• taşıtan
• taşıyan

THE CARRIAGE OF DANGEROUS GOODS BY SEA UNDER THE HAGUE RULES, THE HAGUE-VISBY RULES, THE HAMBURG RULES AND THE ROTTERDAM RULES

Öz

This study aims to determine how the risks are allocated between shipper and carrier regarding the carriage of dangerous goods by sea under the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading, and Protocol of Signature (1924), Protocol to amend the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading (1968), United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea (1978) and United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea (2008). To determine the allocation of the risk between these parties; this study examines the definition of dangerous goods, obligations of the shipper, rights of the carrier, the basis and the extent of the liability of the shipper considering shipment of dangerous goods and causal link between the breach of obligations and loss or damage.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dangerous goods
• liability
• obligations
• shipper
• carrier

Kaynakça

1. Aladwani T, ‘The Supply of Containers and Seaworthiness- The Rotterdam Rules Perspective’ (2011) 42 Journal of Maritime Law & Commerce 185.
2. Baughen S, ‘Obligations Owed by the Shipper to the Carrier’ in D Rhidian Thomas (ed), A New Convention for the Carriage of Goods by Sea- The Rotterdam Rules: An Analysis of the UN Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea (Lawtext Publishing Limited 2009).
3. Cavanah JZ, ‘Dangerous Goods Liability in the Age of Containerization- Warning: This Comment may (or may not) Self-Destruct’ (2012) 37 Tulane Maritime Law Journal 147.
4. Defossez DAL, ‘Seaworthiness: The Adequacy of the Rotterdam Rules Approach’ (2015) 28 U.S.F. Maritime Law Journal 237.
5. DuClos J, ‘Liability for Losses Caused by Inherently Dangerous Goods Shipped by Sea’ (2007) 20 U.S.F. Maritime Law Journal 61.
6. Fujita T, ‘Obligations and Liabilities of the Shipper’ in Meltem Deniz Güner-Özbek (ed), The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea: An Appraisal of the “Rotterdam Rules” (Springer 2011).
7. Girvin SD, ‘Shipper’s Liability for the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Sea’ (1996) Lloyd’s Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly 487.
8. Güner-Özbek MD, The Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Sea (Springer 2008).

9. Günay MB, Hazırlık Çalışmalarının Işığında Lahey/Visby Kuralları (Rotterdam Kuralları ile Karşılaştırmalı Olarak) (Yetkin Yayınları 2013).
10. Kara H, Rotterdam Kuralları’na göre Taşıyanın Zıya, Hasar veya Gecikmeden Kaynaklanan Zararlardan Sorumluluğu (Legal Yayıncılık 2018).
11. Lestos A, ‘Do English Law, Hague-Visby Rules and Rotterdam Rules Provides Adequate Legal Frameworks regarding the Carriage of Dangerous Goods’ (2014) 2 Bristol Law Review 107.
12. Lorenzon F, ‘Obligations of the Shipper to the Carrier’ in Yvonne Baatz, Charles Debattista, Filippo Lorenzon, Andrew Serdy, Hilton Staniland, Michael Tsimplis, The Rotterdam Rules: A Practical Annotation (Informa 2009).
13. Nikaki T, ‘International Recent Developments: United Kingdom’ (2012) 36 Tulane Maritime Law Journal 601.
14. Roark H, ‘Explosion on the High Seas! The Second Circuit Promotes International Uniformity with Strict Liability for the Shipment of Dangerous Goods: Senator v. Sunway’, (2003) 33 Southwestern University Law Review 139.
15. Rose FD, ‘Cargo Risks: “Dangerous” Goods’ (1996) 55 Cambridge Law Journal 601.
16. Rose FD, ‘Liability for Dangerous Goods’ (1998) Lloyd’s Maritime and Commercial Law Quarterly 480.
17. Stevens F, ‘Duties of Shippers and Dangerous Cargoes’ in D Rhidian Thomas (ed), The Carriage of Goods by Sea under the Rotterdam Rules (Lloyd’s List 2010).
18. Tsimplis M, ‘Obligations of the Carrier’ in Yvonne Baatz, Charles Debattista, Filippo Lorenzon, Andrew Serdy, Hilton Staniland, Michael Tsimplis, The Rotterdam Rules: A Practical Annotation (Informa 2009).
19. Ülgener MF, ‘Obligations and Liabilities of the Carrier’ in Meltem Deniz Güner-Özbek (ed), The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea: An Appraisal of the “Rotterdam Rules” (Springer 2011).
20. Wilson JF, Carriage of Goods by Sea (7th edn, Longman 2010).