EXTRATERRITORIAL BINDING OF THE ECHR

Öz

In the extraterritorial application of the ECHR, the concept of jurisdiction appears to be poorly interpreted in ECtHR decisions. The ECtHR's failure to consistently approach the concept of jurisdiction, coupled with its lack of a consistent approach and its preference for models tailored to specific circumstances, creates an unpredictable situation in terms of legal certainty. The necessity to ensure effective and universal human rights protection, while simultaneously considering the potential for Convention States to be held accountable before the ECtHR, necessitates a distinction between positive and negative obligations arising from the ECHR in the context of extraterritorial human rights obligations. This article examines the criteria underlying the interpretation of the concept of jurisdiction, the role played by the principle of effectiveness and universality of human rights in extraterritorial actions, and the obligations of Convention States, in light of the ECtHR's landmark decisions regarding the extraterritorial actions of Convention States.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• The principle of universality and effectiveness of Human Rights
• ECHR
• ECHR case law
• Jurisdiction
• extraterritorial application

AİHK’nin EXTRATERRİTORİAL BAĞLAYICILIĞI

Öz

AİHK’nin extraterritorial uygulanmasında AİHM kararlarında Jurisdiktion kavramının istikrarlı yorumlanmadığı görülmektedir. Jurisdiktion kavramının yorumunda AİHM’nin bazen ülkesel ve bazen kişisel Jurisdiktion modelinden hareket etmesi, istikrarlı bir yaklaşım ortaya koymaması, somut duruma göre model tercihi yapması hukuk güvenliği bakımından öngörülemez bir durum yaratmaktadır. Bir taraftan etkin ve üniversal bir insan hakları koruması sağlama, diğer taraftan Konvansiyon devletlerinin AİHK muvacehesinde sorumlu tutulabilmeleri için etkin olma olanaklarının dikkate alınma gerekliliği extraterritorial insan hakları mükellefiyetleri bağlamında AİHK’den doğan pozitif ve negatif yükümlülükler arasında ayrım yapılmasını gerektirmektedir. Makalede AİHM’nin Konvansiyon devletlerinin extraterritorial tasarrufları bağlamında kilometre taşı teşkil eden kararları ışığında Jurisdiktion kavramının yorumuna esas olan kriterler yanısıra insan haklarının etkinliği ve evrenselliği prensibinin extraterritorial tasarruflarda oynadığı rol ve Konvansiyon devletlerinin yükümlülükleri ele alınmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İnsan Hakları’nın evrenselliği ve etkinliği prensibi
• AİHK
• AİHM içtihadı
• Jurisdiktion
• extraterritorial uygulanma

Kaynakça

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