Ağır Metallerin Ekosistem Tepkilerini Anlamaya Yönelik Karadeniz’in Gösterge Organizmaları Kullanılarak Yapılmış Çalışmalar

Abstract

Studies to understand Ecosystem Responses of Heavy Metals using indicator organisms of the Black SeaThe European Parliament published in the field of Marine Environment Policy Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), ecological quality and integrity in estuarine, the coastal and open ocean systems, has been developed to protect and restore. MSFD is based on the principle of ecosystem-based management takes into account all pressures of the seas and approaches to the sea regionally. The purpose of the directive in the EU by 2020 is to ensure Good Environmental Status of the seas (GES). In particular Bulgaria and Romania after they join the European Union countries, the Black Sea has become important for Europe. The Black Sea is one of the unique in the world an inland sea connected to the small Sea of Marmara by the narrow Bosporus Strait; Strait of Dardanelles further connects to the Aegean Sea. For this reason, there is very little natural circulation is self-cleaning ability remains limited. Turkey poured into the Black Sea off the coast of the Sakarya, Kýzýlýrmak, Yeþilýrmak, from the West, the Danube, from the North Dnieper and Dniester Rivers with a million tons of organic waste into the Black Sea basin are carrying the item and other terrestrial origin. One of the important pollutants due to heavy metals toxic property of natural concentrations of negatively affecting the ecosystem when they take on the biological activities of the organisms that make up the food chain, the balance between biota and the environment corruption and adversely affects the people at the top of the food chain. This review covers the studies of heavy metals has been using the indicator organisms of the Black Sea to understand the ecosystem response. The results of the studies discussed and made suggestions

Keywords

• Marine Strategy Framework Directive, Black Sea, indicator species

Ağır Metallerin Ekosistem Tepkilerini Anlamaya Yönelik Karadeniz’in Gösterge Organizmaları Kullanılarak Yapılmış Çalışmalar

Öz

Avrupa Parlamentosunu Deniz Çevresi Politikalarý alanýnda yayýmladýðý Deniz Stratejisi Çerçeve Direktifi (DSÇD) geçiþ suyu, kýyý ve açýk deniz sistemlerinde, ekolojik kalite ve bütünlüðü korumak ve eski haline getirmek için geliþtirilmiþtir. DSÇD ekosistem tabanlý yönetim prensibine dayanýr, deniz üzerindeki tüm baskýlarý dikkate alýr ve denizlere bölgesel yaklaþýr. Direktifin amacý 2020 yýlýna kadar AB Denizlerinde Ýyi Çevresel Durumu (ÝÇD) saðlamaktýr. Özellikle Bulgaristan ve Romanya’nýn da Avrupa Birliði ülkeleri arasýna katýlmalarýndan sonra Karadeniz Avrupa için de önemli bir hale gelmiþtir. Dünyadaki sayýlý iç denizlerden biri olan Karadeniz, dar bir boðazla yine kendisi gibi bir iç deniz olan Marmara Denizi’ne, oradan da Ege Denizi’ne açýlmaktadýr. Bu nedenle doðal dolaþýmý çok az olduðundan kendi kendini temizleme yeteneði sýnýrlý kalmaktadýr. Karadeniz’e dökülen nehirler güneyden Sakarya, Kýzýlýrmak, Yeþilýrmak, batýdan Tuna, kuzeyden Dinyeper ve Dinyester beraberinde milyonlarca ton organik maddeyi ve diðer karasal kökenli atýklarý Karadeniz havzasýna taþýmaktadýrlar. Toksik özelliði nedeniyle önemli kirleticilerden biri olan aðýr metaller doðal konsantrasyonlarýnýn üzerine çýktýklarýnda ekosistem bireylerinin biyolojik aktivitelerini olumsuz yönde etkileyerek besin zincirini oluþturan canlýlar arasýndaki dengenin bozulmasýna neden olmakta ve ortamdaki tüm canlýlarý ve besin zincirinin tepesindeki insaný olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu derleme aðýr metallerin ekosistem tepkilerini anlamaya yönelik Karadeniz’in gösterge organizmalarý kullanýlarak yapýlmýþ çalýþmalarý kapsamaktadýr. Çalýþmalardan elde edilen sonuçlar tartýþýlmýþ ve önerilerde bulunulmuþtur

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Deniz Stratejisi Çerçeve Direktifi, Karadeniz, gösterge tür

Kaynakça

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