İklimsel Değişikliklerin Deniz Suyu Yüzey Sıcaklığında ve Deniz Suyundaki Chl-A Yoğunluğunda Neden Olduğu Artışların Şeytan Vatozu'nun (Mobula Mobular Bonnaterre, 1788) Doğu Akdenize’e Doğru Yayılışı Arasındaki Muhtemel Ilişkiler; Şeytan Vatozu’nun Grup Olarak Türkiye Kara Sularındaki Ilk Kaydı

Öz

Dünyadaki bütün ekosistemler atmosferin fiziksel ve kimyasal bileşenlerindeki değişikliklerden etkilenmektedirler. İklim ve bununla birlikte deniz ekosistemlerindeki yüzey su sıcaklığındaki değişimler özellikle soyları tükenme tehlikesinde olan türleri ve onların yayılış alanlarını etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmamızda, iklim değişikliğinin Myliobatidae ailesine ait, nesli tükenme tehlikesinde olup Akdeniz’e özgü bir tür olan ve Şeytan vatozu’nun (Mobula mobular) göçü üzerindeki etkilerini inceledik. Kış mevsiminde su sıcaklığında meydana gelen anormal artışlar balıkları göç etmeye zorlayan başlıca sebeplerden biridir. Adriyatik Denizi ve çevresinde yüzey suyu sıcaklığının artması birincil üreticilerin miktar ve kompozisyonunu doğrudan etkilediği gibi, Şeytan vatoz’unun diyetinde bulunan zooplankton, küçük balık ve kabukluları da etkilemektedir. Bu değişim, Şeytan vatozu’nun Batı Akdeniz’de doğal yayılış alanlarını terk ederek yeni, beslenme alanları aramasına neden olduğu düşünülmektedir. Yaptığımız bu çalışmada, 2003-2015 yılları arasında Akdeniz’in yüzey suyu sıcaklığında ortalama 1,5 ºC’lik bir artış olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte kış aylarındaki- kış mevsimi (Ocak, Şubat, Mart) ve bahar başlangıcında, su yüzey sıcaklığındaki artış 2,5 ºC’yi bulmaktadır. Kış aylarında yüzey suyu sıcaklığındaki bu ciddi artış sıcaklık değişimine fazla toleransı olmayan türleri göçe zorlamaktadır. Ayrıca, çalışmamızda Şeytan vatozu’nun göç etmesinin iklim değişikliği ile ilişkisinin yanı sıra deniz suyundaki klorofil konsantrasyonlarındaki değişimlerle olan ilişkisi de incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, Şeytan vatozu’nun ekolojik davranışları ve iklim değişikliğinin bu davranışlar üzerindeki etkilerinin açıklanmasında önemli rol alacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İklim değişikliği,su yüzey sıcaklığı,uzaktan algılama,ekoloji,Şeytan vatozu,balık göçü

Relationship Between Climate Change Driven Sea Surface Temperature, Chl-a Density and Distribution of Giant Devil Ray (Mobula Mobular Bonnaterre, 1788) In Eastern Mediterranean: A First Schooling By-Catch Record Off Turkish Coasts

Abstract

Every ecosystem of the Earth is influenced by altering of physical and chemical composition of the Earth’s atmosphere. Climate and thus sea surface temperature changes in the marine ecosystems affects particularly the vulnerable and endangered species and their distribution areas. Possible climate change effect on one of the most endangered and endemic ray species i.e. Mobula mobular’s migration in the Mediterranean Sea. The migration of the species was probably forced due to warming of the sea temperature of their native environment in winter time. The warming of the Adriatic Sea affects, changes and shifts the primary production. This could also force the rays to find new feeding regions in the Mediterranean Sea. From 2003 to 2015, sea surface temperature in the Mediterranean Sea has averagely an increase about 1.5 ºC, however, the increase of the temperature in JFM (January, February, March) was much greater (about 2.5 ºC). This prefigure a reason for migration e.g. especially the low temperature tolerant species. The climate change impacts on ray’s migration and also the correlation between Chl-a concentration in Mediterranean have to deeply investigate. This could answer more questions about the ecological behavior of the rays under climate change in the future.

Keywords

• Climate change,sea surface temperature,remote sensing,ecology,Devil ray,fish migration

Kaynakça

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