Türkiye Denizlerindeki Balık Stoklarının Yönetimi İçin Yeni Bir Kavram:'İhtiyatlı Balıkçılık Yönetimi'

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 2014 Sayı: 4, 0 - 0, 31.12.2014

Savaş Kılıç

Öz

Abstract

A new concept “precautionary fisheries management” for the management of fish stocks in Turkey seas

When the commercial sea fisheries landings are evaluated on species basis according to the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUİK) data of the year 1990, it has not observed a significant decrease except for slight fluctuations in landing amounts of short-lived fish populations such as anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus), sprats (Sprattus sprattus), sardines (Sardina pilchardus), Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda), and horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus). However, it has observed considerable decline in landing amounts of long-lived benthopelagic fish species as grey mullet (Mugil cephalus), sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), turbot (Psetta maxima), red mullet (Mullus barbatus), whiting (Merlangius merlangus euxinus), and hake (Merluccius merluccius). These results indicate that these species in second group were overfished and stocks have been destroyed. The concept of “precautionary approach” in fisheries management is more conservator management approach in the event of information on fish stocks is uncertain, unreliable, and insufficient. Worldwide, this mentality has been adopted by many international organizations related to fish stock management in regional seas and there is still application area. Also, implementation of precautionary approach to fisheries management in management of commercial fish stocks in Turkey seas will be able to contribute in terms of protection of over-exploited and long-lived fish stocks, and obtaining maximum sustainable yield (MSY) from these stocks.

Keywords: Fishing quotas, fisheries management, marine fisheries, ICES.

Özet

Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TUİK) verilerine göre 1990 yılı itibariyle avcılığı yapılan deniz ürünleri üretim miktarı tür bazında değerlendirildiğinde; hamsi (Engraulis encrasicolus), çaça (Sprattus sprattus), sardalye (Sardina pilchardus), palamut (Sarda sarda) ve istavrit (Trachuru strachurus) gibi kısa ömürlü balık populasyonlarının karaya çıkış miktarlarında çok küçük dalgalanmaların dışında belirgin bir düşüş gözlenmemesine karşın, kefal (Mugil cephalus), levrek (Dicentrarchus labrax) kalkan (Psetta maxima), barbunya (Mullus barbatus), mezgit (Merlangius merlangus euxinus) ve berlam (Merluccius merluccius) gibi uzun ömürlü bentopelajik balık türlerinin av miktarlarında önemli sayılabilecek düşüşler gözlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar ikinci gruptaki bu türlerin aşırı avlandığı ve stokların bozulmakta olduğu sonucuna işaret etmektedir. Balıkçılık yönetiminde ‘ihtiyatlı yaklaşım’ kavramı; balık stokları ile ilgili bilgilerin belirsiz, güvenilmez ve yetersiz olması durumunda, daha fazla korumacı yönde olan bir yönetim anlayışıdır. Bu anlayış dünya genelinde birçok bölgesel denizlerdeki stok yönetimine ilişkin uluslararası kuruluşlara tarafından benimsenmiş ve halen uygulama alanı bulmaktadır. İhtiyatlı balıkçılık yönetimi yaklaşımının Türkiye denizlerindeki ticari balık stoklarınınyönetiminde de uygulanması, aşırı sömürülen uzun ömürlü balık stokların korunması ve bu stoklardan sürdürülebilir en yüksek ürünün alınabilmesi açısından katkı sağlayabilecektir.

Anahtar kelimeler: Avcılık kotası, balıkçılık yönetimi, deniz balıkçılığı, ICES.

 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avcılık kotası, balıkçılık yönetimi, deniz balıkçılığı, ICES

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